ESTIMATING EFFECTS of TEMPERATURE on TENSILE STRENGTH of E-GLASS COMPOSITE with UNSATURATED ORTHOPHTHALIC POLYESTER RESIN

ESTIMATING EFFECTS of TEMPERATURE on TENSILE STRENGTH of E-GLASS COMPOSITE with UNSATURATED ORTHOPHTHALIC POLYESTER RESIN

ESTIMATING EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF E-GLASS COMPOSITE WITH UNSATURATED ORTHOPHTHALIC POLYESTER RESIN

1Manjit Singh, 2Suneev Bansal, Anil Kumar, 3Parveen 1,3Assistant Professor, Deptt. of Mech. Engg., QGI, Jhanjheri

2Associate Professor, Deptt. of Mech. Engg., RIMT-IET, Mandigobingarh.

1er_manjitsingh@yahoo.com

Keywords: Composites, e-glass, resin, temperature, tensile test.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Composite materials involve two or more physically separate and mechanically separable components called reinforcement and matrix. These two components can be mixed in a controlled way to achieve optimum properties, which are superior to the properties of each individual component. E-Glass or electrical grade glass was initially developed for standoff insulators of electrical wiring. It was later found to have outstanding fiber forming capabilities and is now worn almost exclusively as the reinforcing phases in the material commonly recognized as fiberglass. Preparing composite with fiber is well known. E-glass and

   unsaturated orthophthalic polyester are most commonly used materials for composite. Ortho-polyester is a low cost general purpose resin. Testing composite is always a challenge. Uniaxial tests on composite laminates require the maximum level of precision and stiffness – so that alignment can be established and maintained. If a precision testing system (load frame), not available results can be negotiation because composite materials are so sensitive to alignment.

2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

   The most common testing machine used in tensile testing is the universal testing machine. This type of machine has two crossheads; one is adjusted for the length of the specimen and the other is driven to apply tension to the test specimen. There are two types: hydraulic powered and electromagnetically powered machines. Figure 1 shows tensile testin machine.

   Figure 1: Tensile testing of Composite

   The composite specimens are cut from the plates described above, according to the size recommended by the standards for the tensile test (Fig. 2).

   Figure 2: Tensile testing specimen

   All the testing are done as per recent standards available for testing of ompsite materials. Extra care was taken to tune high sensitivty of composite materials.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

   To investigate the environmental effects on basic mechanical properties of composites, tension tests were performed for composites with unsaturated orthophthalic polyester resin systems using the glass fabrics. The 90° tension tests were run and results for ultimate tension strength (UTS), are presented as a function of test temperature in fig. 3.

   S. No.	Temperature oC	Tensile Strength MPa
   1	25	495
   2	40	490
   3	55	475
   4	70	450
   5	85	395

   Table 1: Temperature vs Tensile Strength

   Field of composite is still a evolving field. There is lot of lack in performing a standard test on composite materials. Under the present set of condition composite materials prepaed showed a considrable drop of tensile strenght. Fig. 3 shows a graph between temperature and tensile stranght of composite material.

   Figure 3: Temperature vs Tensile Strength

   From fig 3 and table 1 it is evident that temperature and tensile strength has inverse relation.

4. CONCLUSIONS

   Temperature and tensile strength for e-glass fiber and unsaturated orthophthalic polyester resin are inversely related. With rise in temperature the tensile strength decreases. By increase in 600C temperature the tensile strength of composite decreased by 100 MPa. In percentage terms the 60oC rise temperature decreased tensile strength by 20%. One more point to consider is that as temperature increases the rate of decrease in tensile strength increases considerably.

5. FUTURE SCOPE

   Present study is restricted to show one effects of one environmental on one mechanical properties of composite material. Present composite material has wide application under different environmental conditions. All those condition can also be tested to know the effects on mechanical properties. Present study includes only one tensile test. As composite materials have directional properties, tensile strength and other properties can be tested in all other possible loading directions.

6. REFERENCES

1. A. Stamboulis and C. Baley, Effects of Environmental Conditions on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax Fibres, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2001, 32(8): 1105-1115.

2. Bansal, Suneev Anil, Estimating effects of elevated temperature on stress-strain curve for mild steel (fe-415) Proceeding of National Conference on Advances in Manufacturing Technology May 23 24, 2013

3. C. Bert, Recent advances in dynamics of composite structures, Composite Structures IV, Damage Assess Mater Eval., 1987, 2: 117.

4. Frank P., and Gerstle J., Composites, from, Polymers: An Encyclopedic Source Book of Engineering Properties, Edits. Kroschwitz J.I., ISBN 0-471-85652-5, 1978: 62-105.

5. M. Jacob, S. Thomas and K. T. Varughea, Mechanical Properties of Sisal/Oil Palm Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Natural Rubber, Composites Science and Technology, 2004, 64(7-8): 955-965.

6. S. Agbo, Modelling of Mechanical Properties of a Natural and Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Cashew Nut Shell Resin Composites, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Nigeria, 2009.

7. S. Shibata, Y. Cao and I. Fukumoto, Press Forming of Short Natural Fiber-Reinforced Biodegradable Resin: Effects of Fiber Volume and Length on Flexural Properties, Polymer Testing, 2005, 24(8): 1005- 1011.