Arduino Based Smart Energy Meter using GSM

Arduino Based Smart Energy Meter using GSM

Sri. B. Ravi Kumar M.Tech,Sri. Ch. Krishna Rao M.Tech, L. Manikantha,

G. Dhanunjaya, N. Pavan Sai, G. Gowtam

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali,

India.

Abstract In modern energy infrastructures, maintaining a balance between electricity supply and user demand is crucial for the efficient functioning of the power grid and cost optimization. This project presents a smart solution that dynamically modifies electricity tariffs in response to real- time fluctuations between energy production and consumption. At the core of the system is an Arduino microcontroller interfaced with key components such as a GSM module, an energy meter, a relay, and a real-time clock. The energy meter records the user's electricity usage, while the system simultaneously monitors the amount of power being produced. If consumption surpasses generation, the system automatically raises the electricity rate to encourage users to minimize usage. On the other hand, when generation exceeds demand, the system lowers the tariff to promote increased consumption. In scenarios where generation and usage are evenly matched, the rate remains unchanged. Users are notified instantly about any tariff adjustments through SMS alerts sent via the GSM module. Additionally, the system has the capability to remotely switch off or control electricity through the relay, especially during periods of high demand or elevated tariffs. This empowers users to manage their energy consumption effectively while supporting overall grid stability. Utilizing affordable and readily available hardware components, the system offers a scalable and economical approach to smart energy management. It supports real-time updates, automated decision processes, and demand-side load regulation, making it well-suited for deployment in both city and rural settings.

Keywords Energy management, Demand Response, Hardware Design, Internet of Things, Smart Grid Integration, Energy Consumption Monitoring, Load Balancing.

INTRODUCTION

With the increasing prevalence of risks such as gas leaks, fires, temperature extremes, and irregular water levels, the need for efficient environmental and safety monitoring has grown significantly. Traditional methods often depend on manual inspection, which can delay response times and increase the likelihood of accidents. To overcome these limitations, automated systems that utilize microcontrollers and sensor- based technologies provide a more reliable and timely solution. The Arduino-based Smart Environmental and Safety Monitoring System is developed to continuously

monitor multiple environmental parameters and deliver immediate alerts when hazardous conditions are detected. This system integrates various sensors, including those for detecting gas, fire, temperature changes, water level variations, and structural tilt. The Arduino microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, interpreting sensor inputs and triggering alerts when values exceed set safety limits. These alerts are not only shown on a local display but also sent via SMS using a GSM module, ensuring that users are informed even when off-site.

The inclusion of wireless communication makes this system especially suitable for applications in industrial zones, residential complexes, and agricultural sites, where early warnings can prevent serious incidents. Prior to the actual hardware setup, the system's functionality was tested and validated through simulation using Proteus software. This allowed for careful observation and refinement of each sensors performance in a controlled virtual environment. Individual sensor testing in Proteus, such as for gas detection, fire response, and temperature monitoring, helped confirm that each component worked correctly before final integration. This simulation phase significantly improved the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of the complete system, reducing implementation errors, and enhancing real-world performance [1].

LITERATURE REVIEW:

The evolution of energy metering technology has undergone significant transformation from its early mechanical roots to the sophisticated digital systems used today. In the late 19th century, before electricity was commonly available, energy consumption was gauged using mechanical meters that measured gas usage in households illuminated by gas lamps. As electric lighting emerged as a more efficient and dependable alternative, the demand for electrical energy monitoring systems grew. This led to the development of early direct current (DC) meters, which attempted to measure usage based on ampere hours. However, these devices lacked the ability to factor in voltage variations, making them unreliable for accurate billing. To overcome such issues, Thomas Edison pioneered the use of electrolytic and electrochemical meters. These innovations improved accuracy but were

cumbersome, requiring manual inspection and chemical analysis to calculate energy consumption. As electrical infrastructure continued to expand, the limitations of manual systems became more apparent, leading to a push for automated and more efficient solutions. In recent decades, the rise of smart grid technology and the integration of renewable energy sources have catalyzed the development of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Smart meters, central to this infrastructure, allow for real-time data exchange between utilities and consumers, enabling features such as remote monitoring, automated disconnection, outage detection, and adaptive pricing based on usage patterns. These meters support more effective load management and facilitate the inclusion of distributed energy resources like solar and wind power. Additionally, smart meters are now equipped with communication technologies such as GSM, RF mesh, and LoRa WAN, which enhance connectivity and allow for deployment in a wide range of environments. These modern systems provide detailed feedback to users while enabling utilities to perform predictive maintenance and optimize energy delivery. Collectively, the advancements in metering technology not only improve accuracy and efficiency but also support the broader goals of energy sustainability and smart energy management[2] [3] [4] [5].

CIRCUIT ARCHITECTURE

The Smart Environmental and Safety Monitoring System utilizes an Arduino microcontroller and various sensors to monitor hazardous environmental conditions in real time. This system is designed to detect dangers such as gas leaks, fires, high temperatures, water overflow, and equipment tilt. It responds by triggering instant alerts through a GSM module and displaying critical sensor data on an LCD screen. These features ensure a rapid response to potential threats, improving safety and most of the industrial, residential, and public spaces

Figure 1

The diagram illustrates a GSM-based control system that utilizes an Arduino UNO microcontroller for remote management of electrical devices. At the heart of the system is the Arduino UNO, which serves as the primary controller and interfaces with all other components. A GSM module is employed to enable wireless communication between the user and the system. The user can send SMS commands to the GSM module, which relays the instructions to the Arduino. Upon receiving these commands, the Arduino processes them and triggers a relay to switch the connected device on or off. The relay acts as an electronic switch, controlling the power supply to devices like lights or appliances.

In addition, the system features an LCD displaythat provides real-time information, such as the current status of the system, user commands, or operational alerts, offering local feedback. The GSM module is also capable of sending updates back to the user or a remote server for monitoring and logging purposes. This system's design supports both manual and automated device control, making it ideal for applications in smart homes or industrial automation environments.

1. Hardware Implementation

   The Smart Environmental and Safety Monitoring System is built around an Arduino Uno microcontroller, which serves as the central unit coordinating the functions of various connected components. This system integrates a combination of environmental sensors that work collectively to detect unsafe conditions in real time. A gas sensor monitors for the presence of combustible or toxic gases, while a flame sensor identifies the occurrence of fire or smoke. Temperature variations are tracked using a precision temperature sensor, helping to detect overheating or unusual heat levels. Structural safety is ensured through a tilt sensor, which can detect shifts or vibrations indicating potential instability. Additionally, a water level sensor is included to monitor any abnormal rise in water, which could signal flooding or leakage.

   To present the collected data, a 16×2 LCD display is connected to the Arduino, providing users with immediate, on- site feedback about current environmental conditions. For remote alerting, the system uses a GSM module that sends SMS notifications when hazardous thresholds are exceeded. This module is operated through serial communication with the Arduino using AT commands. A reliable 5V DC power supply supports the entire system, and a voltage regulator ensures a consistent power flow to all electronic components, preventing fluctuations that might affect performance.

   Prior to assembling the physical circuit, the design was developed and tested using Proteus simulation software. This simulation phase allowed each sensor to be individually verified in a virtual environment, ensuring the accuracy and logic of the system before hardware deployment. After successful simulation, the components were installed on a breadboard or PCB for practical evaluation. This methodical approach helps ensure that the final system is both dependable and efficient, making it ideal for real-world use in areas requiring continuous safety monitoring.

2. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

   The Smart Environmental & Safety Monitoring System is programmed using the Arduino IDE, which serves as the development platform for writing and uploading code to the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system logic is built using embedded C/C++ programming, where specific threshold values are set for each sensor to trigger alerts upon detecting abnormal conditions. The LCD and GSM module are also controlled through this code, enabling display and communication functions.

   Before moving into physical implementation, the system was thoroughly tested in a virtual environment using simulation software. Simulation plays a vital role in embedded systems as it allows for the examination of component behavior, logic verification, and communication processes in a controlled and risk-free setting. This process is particularly beneficial in early- stage development, as it identifies potential faults and provides insights for refinement.

3. Role of Proteus in System Development

   Proteus Design Suite was used for simulating the complete circuit and sensor integration. It enables real- time circuit simulation and supports microcontroller- based systems such as the Arduino Uno. Within this simulation platform, the responses of gas, flame, temperature, tilt, and water level sensors were individually observed and validated. The simulation also tested the interaction between the Arduino and output devices like the LCD and GSM module.

   Key benefits of using Proteus included accurate circuit visualization, simplified debugging, and validation of data flow across components. These features helped ensure the functional reliability of the system before physically connecting any hardware, significantly reducing time spent on post-implementation troubleshooting.

4. Arduino IDE for Embedded System Programming The Arduino IDE provides a streamlined environment for writing, compiling, and debugging code. It supports both C and C++ and includes libraries specifically developed for sensor modules, displays, and communication tools. The Serial Monitor feature allows for real-time inspection of sensor output, which was instrumental in fine-tuning threshold values and logic conditions for this project.

   The IDE simplifies tasks such as managing component libraries, selecting target boards, and communicating with sensors, making it suitable for embedded systems like this monitoring setup. It provided essential tools to test sensor data, evaluate alert logic, and monitor the system's behaviour during development.

5. Sensor Testing and Validation

   Before assembling the full system, each sensor was tested independently. The gas sensor, flame sensor, and LM35 temperature sensor were first connected to the Arduino Uno to assess their accuracy and responsiveness under normal and abnormal conditions. These tests helped confirm that each sensor could effectively detect changes in the environment and communicate with the microcontroller as intended.

6. Hardware Components:

   Arduino Microcontroller:

   The Arduino Uno serves as the main controller in our system. It receives input signals from the energy meter and processes them. Based on this data, it performs necessary operations like sending SMS alerts and controlling the relay. It acts as the central brain, coordinating all other modules.

   Digital Energy Meter:

   We are using a digital energy meter to measure electricity usage. This meter outputs pulses based on the amount of power consumed. These pulses are read by the Arduino, which then calculates the total energy consumed in kilowatt-hours (kWh). This method provides an accurate and real-time reading of energy usage.

   GSM Module:

   A GSM module (like SIM800 or SIM900) is used for wireless communication. It allows the energy meter to send energy consumption data to a mobile phone through SMS. The Arduino sends the necessary commands to the GSM module, which then sends the data to the user's mobile number. This makes remote monitoring possible without any internet

   Relay Module:

   The relay module is used to control the electrical load. It allows the Arduino to turn the power on or off based on certain conditions, like overload or remote commands.

   This

   feature adds a layer of automation and safety, making the system more reliable and efficient.

   Resisters and Supporting Components:

   Resistors, capacitors, and other small components are used for voltage regulation, signal conditioning, and protection. They ensure the circuit operates smoothly and safely.

   Power Supply:

   A stable power supply is required to run all the components. The Arduino, GSM module, and other electronics are powered using a regulated 5V or 12V adapter. Voltage regulators may be used to ensure the correct voltage levels are supplied.

   Display Unit (Optional):

   An optional LCD display can be included to show real- time readings locally. This helps users to view energy usage without relying only on SMS alerts.

   Circuit Integration:

   All the components are connected on a PCB or breadboard, depending on the setup. Proper wiring, insulation, and layout planning are done to ensure the system is safe and efficient. Care is taken to manage both the low-voltage and high-voltage sections of the circuit.

7. HARDWARE DEGINE:

   Fig. 2

8. Flow chart:

9. Digital Energy Meter:

   The digital energy monitoring system shown in the image utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller as the core controller, integrated with various components like a GSM module, relay, sensors, and an LCD display. This setup is designed to monitor environmental or safety conditions and manage connected electrical loads efficiently. Below is a description of the components and their wiring connections:

   • . Relay Module

     This relay is controlled by one of the Arduinos digital output pins (e.g., D8 or D9) and acts as a switch to control connected loads. It receives 5V and GND from the Arduino and switches external AC or DC loads based on control signals.

   • Sensor (Push-type Tilt or Limit Switch)

     The mechanical switch seen in the image appears to be a tilt or limit sensor. It connects to a digital input pin on the Arduino and sends HIGH/LOW signals based on position or vibration detection.

   • Breadboard

     The breadboard acts as a base for intermediate wiring and powering of components. Some jumper wires from the Arduino are routed through the breadboard to sensors or passive components for easy prototyping and testing.

   • Power Supply and Grounding

     All modules share a common ground (GND) with the Arduino to ensure stable communication and operation. The GSM module uses a dedicated adapter, while the other components are powered through the Arduino's 5V pin.

     1. Microcontroller (Arduino):

        • Arduino Uno

          Fig. 3

          Fig. 4 shows the Arduino-Uno Microcontroller In this project; the Arduino Uno is used as the main control unit that connects and controls all the other components

          Acts as the main processing unit of the system. It

          receives inputs from sensors and communicates with both the GSM module and the relay module. Power is supplied via USB or an external adapter, and it outputs regulated 5V and GND to other modules.

        • LCD Display (16×2)

          The LCD module is connected to the Arduino using digital pins. In the image, 6 data/control lines are used four for data (typically D4 to D7) and two for RS and EN. It displays real-time sensor data and system messages such as alerts and device status.

        • GSM Module (SIM900A)

Used for sending SMS alerts. It connects to the Arduino through serial communicationTX of GSM to RX of Arduino, and RX of GSM to TX of Arduino. The module requires an external 12V power supply, and its GND is shared with the Arduino.

of the smart energy meter system. It plays a vital role in data collection, processing, communication, and automation.

The main functions of the Arduino in this project are:

Fig. 4

The digital energy monitoring system functions by reading energy consumption data from a digital energy meter through pulse signals. These pulses are counted by the Arduino, which then calculates the total energy usage in kilowatt-hours (kWh). Based on this data, the system can send SMS alerts by communicating with a GSM module through serial communication using AT commands. The Arduino also controls a relay module to switch electrical loads (appliances) ON or OFF depending on predefined conditions, such as exceeding energy limits or fault detection. For local monitoring, an optional LCD display can be included, which shows real-time information such as voltage, energy consumed, and system status.

Regarding hardware connections, the pulse output of the digital energy meter is connected to one of the Arduino's digital input pins, enabling the microcontroller to monitor energy consumption accurately. The GSM module connects via the TX and RX pins, facilitating wireless communication for remote alerts. The relay modules control pin is wired to one of the Arduinos digital output pins, enabling the Arduino to switch the load by toggling HIGH or LOW signals. The LCD display, if used, is typically connected via digital pins or through an I2C interface to minimize pin usage. Power is supplied to the Arduino and other components through a regulated 5V or 12V adapter, ensuring stable and consistent operation of the entire system.

1. GSM SHIELD:

   A GSM shield (fig.5) is a global mobile network module designed by Arduino® specifically for its boards. It works over 800,850,900 MHz. It provides the feature of bilateral communication between the user and system as well as between system and server[6].

   The GSM module is a key component in the smart energy meter system that enables wireless communication with the user. It is used to send real-time updates about electricity usage. Its compact design and easy integration with Arduino® boards make it highly suitable for IoT- based energy monitoring solutions. The GSM module is used for the following functions:

   Fig. 5

   The integration of a GSM module into the energy monitoring system significantly enhances its functionality by enabling wireless communication capabilities. It allows the system to send SMS alerts to the user, keeping them informed about their energy consumption in real time. This feature supports remote monitoring without the need for internet connectivity, making it accessible even in areas with limited network infrastructure. Additionally, the system can automatically notify the user when certain conditions are met such as when energy usage surpasses a defined threshold or when a fault is detectedthereby promoting timely action. This level of communication increases user awareness and enables better control over electricity usage.

   From a hardware perspective, the GSM module interfaces with the Arduino through the TX (transmit) and RX (receive) pins using serial communication. The Arduino sends AT commands to the GSM module to manage operations like sending SMS messages. The module is powered either through the Arduino or an external 5V or 12V regulated DC supply, depending on the current demands and the type of module used (e.g., SIM800 or SIM900). To improve signal quality, an external antenna is typically attached, ensuring stable and efficient communication. This smart integration elevates the system by transforming a traditional energy meter into an intelligent solution capable of providing real-time updates directly to the users mobile device.

2. LED DISPLAY:

   The LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is an optional but useful component in the smart energy meter system. It provides a local, real-time visual display of the systems data, making it easier for users to check energy consumption without needing a mobile phone or external device.

   The LCD is used for the following functions:

   Fig. 6

   The inclusion of an LCD display in the smart energy monitoring system adds valuable real-time visualization for users. It displays the amount of energy consumed in kilowatt- hours (kWh), allowing users to track their usage conveniently. If additional sensors are integrated into the system, the LCD can also show other parameters such as voltage or environmental data. Furthermore, the display indicates important system statuses, including whether the relay is ON or OFF, GSM connectivity, or the presence of any operational errors. This feature provides a user- friendly interface that enables quick, on-the-spot monitoring and aids in system diagnostics.

   In terms of hardware connections, the LCD is interfaced with the Arduino using digital input/output pins. For a standard 16×2 LCD, direct connection typically involves six or more pins. However, if an I2C interface is used, the LCD requires only two connectionsSDA and SCLmaking the wiring simpler and more compact. The LCD operates on a 5V supply, which can be provided either by the Arduino or an external regulated power source. To enhance visibility, a potentiometer is often connected for ajusting the display contrast. Overall, the LCD not only improves usability but also supports system verification during development and installation.

3. RELAY:

   The relay illustrated in the diagram serves as an electrically operated switch that utilizes electromagnetic principles to change its state. It is activated by a low-voltage signal, allowing it to control the connection or disconnection of a higher voltage load with ease. In the context of a smart energy system, the relay plays a crucial role in interrupting or restoring power to connected appliances based on specific conditions or user commands.

   Additionally, the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is an optional but beneficial element in the smart energy monitoring setup. It offers a convenient way to view energy usage data locally and in real-time. This feature enables users to monitor system status and electricity consumption directly from the device, without relying on a mobile phone or other remote communication tools.

   Fig. 7

   The LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) serves as an essential component in enhancing the usability of a smart energy meter system. It enables local, real-time visualization of important data, such as the total energy consumedtypically represented in kilowatt- hours (kWh). In systems with expanded functionality, the LCD can also display voltage levels or other sensor readings, giving users deeper insights into the electrical parameters of their environment. One of its valuable features is the ability to indicate system statuses, including whether the relay is currently ON or OFF, the connectivity of the GSM module, and any potential error messages. This makes the LCD a practical and user-friendly interface for users to monitor energy usage and system conditions directly on-site without needing a phone or external device.

   The LCD is interfaced with the Arduino microcontroller through digital input/output pins. For a basic 16×2 character LCD, it may require six or more pins when connected in parallel mode. However, if an I2C module is attached to the LCD, the communication becomes more efficient, utilizing only two pinsSDA (Serial Data) and SCL (Serial Clock). This greatly simplifies wiring and preserves I/O resources for other components. Power to the LCD is typically supplied by the Arduinos 5V output pin, although an external 5V source may also be used depending on the circuit's design. Ground (GND) connections are also established to complete the power circuit. Additionally, a potentiometer is often included to control the contrast level of the display, improving readability under various lighting conditions.

   Overall, incorporating an LCD not only improves user interaction by presenting crucial information at a glance but also aids developers during testing and deployment by making it easier to monitor real-time system feedback, debug errors, and ensure everything is functioning correctly.

4. OPTOCOUPLER:

   The optocoupler, often referred to as an opto-isolator, plays a crucial role in ensuring electrical safety and signal integrity within the smart energy meter system. Its primary function is to facilitate the transfer of signals between two electrically isolated sections of a circuit by using light as the medium of communication. This is achieved through an internal light-emitting diode (LED) and a phototransistor or photodiode housed within the same package. When the input side receives a signal, the LED lights up, and the light is detected by the photo-sensitive element on the output side, which then triggers a corresponding electrical response. This process ensures that high- voltage parts of the circuitsuch as those connected to the energy meterdo not directly interact with the low-voltage control circuitry managed by the Arduino. In smart energy meter applications, optocouplers are often used to detect and transmit pulse signals generated by the digital energy meter. These pulses, which correspond to energy consumption, are typically in the form of high-voltage spikes. By passing these signals through an optocoupler, the system ensures that the microcontroller receives the necessary information without being exposed to potentially damaging voltages. This isolation protects sensitive components from surges and voltage fluctuations, thereby enhancing the systems durability and reliability.

   Additionally, optocouplers help in minimizing electrical noise and interference that could affect the accuracy of pulse detection and energy calculation. They contribute to both functional safety and precision in data acquisition, making them an essential element in the design of a robust and secure smart metering system. Their compact size, reliability, and effectiveness in galvanic isolation make them a preferred choice in industrial and consumer-grade embedded applications.

   The optocoupler is used for the following functions:

   Fig. 8

   The optocoupler, also known as an opto-isolator, is a critical component in maintaining both safety and accuracy within a smart energy meter system. It serves the essential purpose of isolating the high-voltage energy meter circuit from the low-voltage Arduino microcontroller. This separation is achieved through the use of light as a transmission medium inside the optocoupler, allowing electrical signals to pass between circuits without direct physical contact. Such isolation helps protect sensitive components from electrical surges, fluctuations, and noise that are often present on the AC power

   side, thereby preserving the functionality and longevity of the control electronics. In its operation, the optocoupler transmits pulse signals from the digital energy meter to the Arduino. When the energy meter generates a pulse, it activates an internal LED within the optocoupler. This light source then triggers a phototransistor, which responds by changing its state and producing a digital signal that the Arduino can detect. This mechanism not only ensures that the pulse count remains accurate but also eliminates the possibility of signal distortion or interference, which is especially important in environments prone to electrical noise. The integration of the optocoupler into the circuit involves connecting its input side to the pulse output terminal of the energy meter. A current- limiting resistor is typically included in series with the LED to avoid excess current flow that could damage the component. The output side is linked to a digital input pin on the Arduino, often with the addition of a pull-up resistor to maintain stable logic levels. This arrangement allows the Arduino to process incoming pulses effectively without being exposed to harmful voltages or unexpected electrical feedback. Overall, the inclusion of an optocoupler enhances the reliability and robustness of the smart energy meter system. It ensures that vital signal communication remains intact while simultaneously safeguarding the low-voltage electronics from high- voltage hazards. This contributes to the efficient and secure operation of the device in real-world applications, especially where consistent performance and user safety are paramount.

5. ARDUINO CODING:

   Fig.9

   Arduino coding is at the heart of how a smart energy meter or any embedded system using an Arduino microcontroller function. Written primarily in C and C++, Arduino code (known as a sketch) allows the microcontroller to interpret sensor inputs, execute logic based on predefined conditions, and control outputs like displays, relays, or communication modules.

   A typical Arduino sketch consists of two main functions: setup () and loop (). The setup () function runs once when the microcontroller starts and is used to initialize pin modes, serial communication, and other configurations. The loop () function, on the other hand, runs continuously and handles the main logic such as reading input pulses from the energy meter, calculating energy consumption, updating the LCD, or sending SMS

   <>alerts via the GSM module.

   In the context of a smart energy meter, Arduino code performs several critical tasks. It reads pulse signals from the optocoupler, converts them into kilowatt-hours (kWh), compares the usage against a predefined limit, and triggers actions like displaying data, switching a relay, or sending a notification. Libraries such as Software Serial (for GSM communication) or Liquid Crystal (for LCD handling) simplify working with external modules. Well-structured Arduino code ensures reliability, responsiveness, and real-time decision-making in embedded systems. It also allows developers to customize behaviour, implement safety checks, and optimize performance depending on the specific requirements of the application. The block diagram for the Smart Environmental & Safety Monitoring System offers a comprehensive visual layout of the project's entire operational framework. It places the Arduino Uno R3 at the core, showcasing its role as the central controller that manages interactions between inputs and outputs. The inputs, which consist of various sensors such as the MQ-2 gas sensor, flame sensor, LM35 temperature sensor, tilt sensor, and water level sensor, continuously gather real-time data on environmental conditions. These inputs are clearly linked to the Arduino, which processes the collected data for abnormalities or hazards.

   On the output side, the diagram highlights the 16Ã2 LCD display, which serves as a real-time interface for showing critical readings and alert messages. The integration of the GSM module stands out as a key feature, facilitating remote communication by sending SMS alerts during emergencies.

   This ensures timely notifications to concerned personnel. The presence of a 5V power supply in the diagram emphasizes the reliable and uninterrupted operation of all system components. The structured representation of the block diagram not only clarifies the flow of dataâ

   from sensors to processing and output devicesâbut also underscores the practical efficiency of the system in hazard detection and mitigation. It serves as a simplified yet detailed blueprint for understanding the interconnections and functionality of the system components, aiding both implementation and troubleshooting.

6. CONCLUSION:

   The smart energy meter system was successfully designed, implemented, and tested using components such as Arduino, GSM module, relay, optocoupler, digital energy meter, and supporting electronic elements. The main objective of the projectto monitor energy consumption in real time and notify users through SMS was effectively achieved. The system demonstrated the ability to detect changes in power consumption accurately and respond by sending timely messages to the user. This enables consumers to be more aware of their electricity usage, helping them take control of their energy habits and potentially reduce their electricity bills. The use of GSM technology ensures wide-area coverage for communication, even in locations without internet access.

   In addition to monitoring, the system offers flexibility for further upgrades such as load control through relay modules, prepaid metering features, and solar energy integration. It provides a low-cost, reliable, and user- friendly solution for smart energy management in residential, commercial, and industrial environments.

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