An Energy Conservation using 360 Degree PIR Sensor by Arduino Microcontroller

An Energy Conservation using 360 Degree PIR Sensor by Arduino Microcontroller

Vijai. S, Deeparagavi. M, Nivetha. B, Bhuvaneswari. A, Balachandran. M

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Indra Ganesan College of Engineering,

Trichy, India

Abstract-Electrical Energy consumption of a nation is an indicator of the economic and social growth of the country. With the increasing demand for non-conventional energy resources, the conservation of energy is an important domain in current research .Energy Conservation can be the best solution for the rising energy demand .Utilizing electricity efficiently and reducing its wastage as much as possible is an important criterion considering the depleting natural reserves of fossil fuel traditionally used its generation. This paved way for developing appliance based automation for energy conservation. This paper presents a mechanism which includes light control relative to natural light in the room, Fan control relative to room temperature and motion detection for determining absence of occupants in the room. The PIR sensor provides an alternative method to save power consumption by detecting human movement.

KeywordsEnergy Conservation, PIR Sensor, Occupancy Detection, Light Dependent Resistor, Temperature Sensor.

1. INTRODUCTION Indias population is expected to increase from 1.13

   Billion in 2050 to 1.66 Billion by 2050. Indias central

   electricity authority assessed that the long- term electrical energy requirement could increases to 3710 TWh by the end of the 15 th five year plan (2031- 2032). India is increasing

   electricity production by very impressive rates with coal playing the most important role.

   Fig 1: Electricity generation in 2017

   India is the worlds second largest producer of coal, with 692.4 million tonnes produced yearly. Despite this large production, India is still required to import high volume of coal due to the large demand for coal in the country. United States uses 30 % of coal for electricity

   production and the 3 rd largest producer of coal. On the other hand, hydro-electric power plants are ineffective due to water scarcity.

   Table I: Water Demand in India

   Year	Population (Million)	Per Capita Water Availability (m3 / Year)
   1951	361	5177
   1955	395	4732
   1991	846	2209
   2001	1027	1820
   2025	1394	1341
   2050	1640	1140

   During the process of nuclear power generation, large volumes of water are used. A 2011 study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory found that nuclear plants with cooling towers consumed 672 gal/MWhr. Hence to reduce the usage of non renewable energy in Power Production we have to conserve the electricity.

   Energy conservation lowers the use while providing the same level of service. Energy conservation reduces unnecessary energy use .Traditionally, mechanical switches are used for energy management but the desired objectives were not efficiently achieved due to nonchalant attitude and negligence of humans as efficient energy management was dependent on human consciousness. In order to address the pitfalls of using mechanical switches, sensor based automatic switches are now being used.

   Sensor based switches are used for automatic control of electrical loads in order to conserve energy consumption. There are 2 major classes of such sensors which are occupancy and daylight sensors. Occupancy sensors are designed to turn on/off loads depend on whether the room is occupied or not. Lightning systems tend to consume large units of energy in daily life. It is so vital to use the smart lightning system by automatically switching on/off the lights when needed without disturbing the normal operation of the working environment. Utilizing electricity efficiently implies using appliances, which consume comparatively less power and regulating the use of appliances by switching them off when they are not in use. Energy conservation provides environmental protection and utility bill savings.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

   The electric switch boards located in different rooms of our home make it difficult for the members in the home, especially the elderly and physically handicapped to operate them [1]. Lighting systems tend to consume large units of energy in daily life [3]. The PIR sensors are most frequently

   found in motion detection and object tracking systems [2]. By using the PIR light sensor, the light can be controlled without affecting the normal working habitat which helps for electricity conservation by switching on/off the light only when needed.[3]. We use the PIR sensor circuit to detect whether someone is passing through the detection area or not

   .If a human body enters the detection area, the PIR sensor receives the variations of temperature made by infrared energy emitted to the surroundings, and if necessary produces the variations of electric changes by means of Pyro

   -electric effect [4].

3. BENEFITS OF THIS PROJECT:

   • Help to meet the increasing electricity demand.

   • Through efficient energy management, cost of power generation, transmission and consumption of electrical energy can be reduced.

   • Life span of power system components and consumer

   appliances.

4. PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM

   Figure 1 shows the Block Diagram of Energy conservation using 360 degree PIR Sensor. It consists of 360 degree Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR Sensor),LDR Sensor, Temperature sensor, IR Sensor, Arduino Uno, 2 channel relay and electrical loads. This automation system has four modules. Each module will be having one PIR Sensor, one

   Figure 2: Proposed Block Diagram

   LDR Sensor, one Temperature Sensor all connected to Arduino Uno microcontroller. The passive infrared sensor (PIR) passively detects the infrared radiations coming from the human body in the surrounding area. When people walk into the sensor range and the sensor can detect the spectral change of the human body infrared ray, during this time, the

   switch will connect the load automatically until the person leaves the sensor range;

   LDR Sensor is used to measure light intensity in the room and gives high signal to the Arduino. When Arduino receives signal from LDR sensor, the light will glow. Temperature sensor LM35 senses the temperature and converts it into an electrical (analogue) signal, which is applied to the MCU through an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). The analogue signal is converted into digital format by the ADC. Sensed values of the temperature and speed of the fan are displayed on the LCD. Temperature and monitoring using Arduino. The MCU on Arduino drives the motor driver to control fan speed. Two IR sensors are placed in the door for counting the number of persons in the room. If the count is above 1 the light in the centre of the room will be turned on, while if the count is 0 the centre light will be turned off. Arduino acts as the heart of the system for decision making (automatic turn on/off the lights).

5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

   Figure 3: Circuit Diagram

   In this circuit, two infrared (IR) sensor modules are used each for up and down counting, respectively. Whenever an interruption is observed by the first IR sensor, it icrements

   the counter value. Similarly, when the second sensor detect s an obstacle, the count is decremented. The count value is calculated depending upon the sensor input sensor. The sensor would observe an interruption and provide an input to the controller which would run the counter in up/down mode depending upon the selector setti

   ng. Thus, in this way if the count is less than or equal to one, the light in the center of the room will be turned on and if the count is 0, the center light will be turned off.

   If a person entering to the monitored area ,the PIR sensors activates and sense the person, gives to the Arduino microcontroller. The Infrared energy emitted from the living body is focused by a Fresnel lens segment. Then only the PIR sensor activates. After sensing the person, LDR checks the light intensity of the monitored area, whether it is bright or dark. Depending on the LDR output, the lamp may be ON/OFF providing illumination to the room (ON). By using this system, we can adjust the speed of Fan according to the room temperature measured by temperature sensor (LM35), which is connected to the Arduino.

6. WASTAGE IN A HOME:

   Table II: Statistics of Electricity Wastage (Minimum Probability)

   The paper proposes a simple idea on reducing the energy consumption.For the case study, a home with 5 rooms is considered. There are 4 Fluorescent lap, 1 CFL lap, 3 ceiling Fans. The following table shows the statistics of electricity wastage in a home (minimum probability).

   It is evident from the table that energy is wasted in every home due to nonchalant of human being. In a home, electricity is wasted for 20 hrs. Consuming 940 watts (0.94 Kw/h) per day. Similarly, per month the electricity wastage is 28,800 watts (26.4 Kw/h) and for a year it is 3, 43,100 (343.011).Then the cost per day has been calculated as Rs.2.82, at the rate of Rs.3/unit (average residential rate as per TANGEDCO). Similarly for a month, the cost is Rs.79.2 and for a year ,it is Rs.1029.03.In order to minimize the energy consumption and to reduce the electricity bill, Proposed sensor based switching model can be used to switch ON/OFF the lights and fans when required

7. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

Figure 4: POSITION OF SENSORS

CONCLUSION:

In 2014, an electrified Indian household consumed about 90 units (kwh) of electricity per month on an average enough to run 4 tube lights,4 ceiling fans, a television, a small refrigerator, a small kitchen appliances with typical usage hours and efficient levels in India. A novel system to control the light and fans according to occupancy, light control relative to light intensity, fan control relative to temperature is proposed. This method requires sensors interfaced with Arduino for effective control of appliances and the average power consumption is reduced efficiently. This promises to be a relevant energy conservation model for both the developing and developed countries.

REFERENCES:

1. M.Abhishek, Syed ajram shah, K.Chetan, K,Arun Kumar, Design and implementation of traffic flow based street light control system with effective utilization of solar energy, International journal of Science Engineering and Advance Technology, IJSEAT, Vol 3, Issue 9, September 2015

2. E. Adetiba and e. al, "Automatic Electrical Appliances Control Panel Based on Infrared and Wifi: A Framework for Electrical Energy Conservation, Scientific & Engineering Research, 2011.

3. A. A. Adewale and e. al., "Design and Development of a microcontroller based automation switch for home

   appliances, International journal of engineering science intervention, pp. 24-31, 2013.

4. Prof.V. K. Bhangdiya Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Low Power Consumption of LED Street Light Based on Smart Control System, International Conference on Global Trends in Signal Processing, Information Computing and Communication,

   Issue-2016

5. C.Bhuvaneshwari, R.Rajeswari, C.Kalaiarasan, Analysis of Solar energy based street light with auto tracking system, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol.2, Issue7,

   July 2013

6. Daeho Kim, Junghoon Lee, Yeongmin Jang and Jaesang Cha. Smart LED lighting system implementation using Human tracking US/IR sensor 2011

7. D. A. Devi and A. Kumar, Design and Implementation of CPLD based Solar Power Saving System for Street Lights and Automatic Traffic Controller, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 2, Issue11, November -2012EEE (ICTC 2011)

8. Liji and e. al., "Control of electrical lights and fans using TV remote." 2005.

9. K. K. Lunawat and U. M. Gokhale, "Home appliances control and energy management using PIR Sensor and ARM Processor, Advance research in Electronics & Communication Engineering, 2015.

10. L. B. Jaafar, "Automatic room temperature control," 2013.

11. M. Popa, C. Cepiúca, Energy Consumption Saving Solutions Based on Intelligent Street Lighting Control System, U.P.B. Sci.Bull., Vol. 73, April 2011, PP. 297-308.

12. S. Prasanna and e. al., "Automated Intelligent Power Saving System and Security System," Research India Publications, pp. 1167-1176, 2013.

13. Raja R, Dr.K.Udhayakumar, Development in Smart Sensor Network for Energy Saving International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Special Issue 2, April 2014.

14. Richu Sam Alex, R NarcissStarbell Energy efficient Intelligent Street Lighting System using Zigbee and Sensors, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), Vol-3, Issue 4, April 2014