To Study the Mechanical Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Containing Copper Slag

To Study the Mechanical Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Containing Copper Slag

Ankur Tayal

(Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering)

Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and Management

Ankit Yaduvanshi

(Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering)

Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and Management

Kanish Tikoo Mohd Irfan

(B.tech Civil 4th year ADGITM) (B.tech Civil 4th year ADGITM)

Rahul Jain Rajan Kumar

(B.tech Civil 4th year ADGITM) (B.tech Civil 4th year ADGITM)

Abstract:- This research paper is presented after observing beneficial utilization of copper slag which is industrial by- product. For production of 1 ton of copper, produced around

1. to 3 ton of copper slag. New by-products and waste materials are being generated by various industries and disposal of this by-products causes various environmental problems and it also causes health problems to living being. Recycling of these wastes has a great potential in concrete industry. Copper slag can be used in concrete because of its mechanical and chemical properties. Copper slag has good abrasion resistance and it also has low water absorption capacity when compared with fine aggregates. for these research work we used M25 concrete and various test conducted for various proportion of copper slag replacement with fine aggregates (sand) of 33, 36, 39, 42, 45 and 48 % in self compacting concrete. The results of these study shows that compressive strength of concrete are increased upto 45% replacement of copper slag as fine aggregates in self compacting concrete.

   Keywords: Compressive strength of concrete, toughness of concrete,

   INTRODUCTION:

   Self compacting concrete is a concrete of high performance and it has a high workability because of having low viscosity. Use of self compacting concrete eliminate the need for vibration by which wear and tear of formworks is reduced and its also reduced energy consumption from vibration equipment. self compacting concrete must have following characteristic in fresh states:

   • Deformability:-The ability of concrete to flow between congested reinforcement while filling the formwork.

   • Flowability:- The ability of concrete to flow without any external force.

   • Segregation Resistance:- Due to the viscosity of SCC, it keeps all the particles in unified suspension to avoid segregation.

Copper slag has particle size range in similar of fine aggregates and it has also very good pozzolanic properties. Due to less water absorption of copper slag its provides good workability to concrete. use of copper slag has helped in waste management and dumping of industrial waste. as copper slag contains silica hence it has similar properties like river sand.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Rahul S, Rasl mohammad rafeeq, et. al. (12 June, 2016) did experimental study on properties and effects of copper slag in self compacting concrete. For this research work he used M25 grade concrete and perform test at various proportion of copper slag as fine aggregates in SCC (0- 50%). He concluded that upto 40% of replacement of copper slag in SCC the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete is increased compare to conventional concrete. The optimum value obtain for 40% replacement of CS as fine aggregates in concrete.

Rahul Sharma, Rizwan A Khan et. al.(10 February 2017) He carried investigation on the development of SCC using Copper slag as fine aggregates with partial replacement of sand. He concluded that filling and passing ability of SCC mixes improved with and increases in the replacement of sand by CS.

Shriver Padha, Ravi Kumar et. al.(7 July 2016) did his study on utilization of steel slag in concrete as a partial replacement to fine aggregates. By use of steel slag reduces

the need of natural rocks as construction material.. It was observe that compressive and tensile strength increased with the increased in steel slag percentages upto certain limits.

1. ehrera. R.K.Behrerta et. al.(Jan, 2016) did perform various test to determine the fresh an mechanical properties of SCC mixture. There were six batches of concrete mixes, consists of 0%,10%,20%,40%,60% increment of slag aggregate replacement for a particular design mix.

   Adjustment of mixing water content needed in SCC. Trial mixes and tests on SCC properties.

   Adjustment of mix proportions.

   The mix proportioning was done based on the IS code mix design

   MATERIALS:

   COARSE AGGREGATE

   Usually, the maximum size of the coarse aggregate

   S No	Required property	value
   1.	Specific gravity of cement	3.12
   2.	Specific gravity of Fine aggregate	2.59
   3.	Specific gravity of coarse aggregate	2.82
   4.	Specific gravity of superplasticizer	1.08
   5.	Specific gravity of VMA	1.01
   6.	Target slump	225-250 mm
   7.	Zone of fine aggregate	Zone II
   8.	Exposure condition	Moderate

   S No	Required property	value
   1.	Specific gravity of cement	3.12
   2.	Specific gravity of Fine aggregate	2.59
   3.	Specific gravity of coarse aggregate	2.82
   4.	Specific gravity of superplasticizer	1.08
   5.	Specific gravity of VMA	1.01
   6.	Target slump	225-250 mm
   7.	Zone of fine aggregate	Zone II
   8.	Exposure condition	Moderate

   STEP 1: Target mean strength

   used in production of SCC, ranges approximately between10mm and 20mm. 20mm-12.5mm size of

   fck

   = fck

   +1.65

   aggregates is taken as 40% and 12.5mm-10mm size of aggregates is taken as 60% of total weight of coarse aggregates.

   fck

   = 25 + 1.65 x 4

   =31.6Mpa

   FINE AGGREGATE

   fine aggregates(sand) is comes under zone II. Fines

   Where, fck

   = target mean compressive strength at 28 days

   aggregates is taken which is pass through IS Sieve 4.75mm.

   COPPER SLAG

   Copper slag is a by-product of copper extraction by smelting.

   CEMENT

   Portland Pozzolana Cement of grade 43 of ultratech cement is used.

   WATER

   Portable water conforming to IS 456-2000 was used for making concrete and curing the specimen. Water should be free from alkalis and impurities.

   SUPER PLASTICIZER

   Master Glenium 51 is a super plasticizer having high range water reducer and it is based on high molecular weight polycarboxylic ether is used.

   VISCOSITY MODIFYING AGENT:

   The use of Viscosity Modifying Agent (VMA) gives higher possibilities of controlling segregation in SCC. Master Matrix II is used as a VMA.

   MIX DESIGN AND PROPORTIONING:

   The procedures of the proposed ix design method can be summarized in the following steps:

   Calculation of coarse and fine aggregate contents. Calculation of cement content.

   Calculation of mixing water content required by cement. Calculation of mixing water content needed in SCC Calculation of SP dosage.

   fck= characteristics compressive strength at 28 days = standard deviation

   STEP 2: W/C ratio

   For moderate condition w/c = .5 ( Table 5, IS456-2000) But lets take w/c for SCC =.45

   STEP 3: Determining water content From table 2 IS 10262 (page 3),

   For max 20mm size aggregate water required is 186 litre (for slump value of 25-50mm)

   Our target for slump is225-250 mm (for pumping concrete) Also IS code 10262 says, increase water content by 3% for every 25mm increase in slump value.

   Hence, Actual water = 186 + (24/100)x186 = 230.64 litres

   But, by using superplasticizer we can reduce water content by 15%

   So, water content = 230.64 x .85 = 196.044 litre

   STEP 4: Calculation of cement content

   As per IS 456-2000 (page 20), for moderate condition minimum cement content for plane concrete should be greater than 300 Kg/m3.

   w/c = .45

   Cement content = water content / (w/c ratio)

   = 196.044 / .45 = 435.653 Kg/m3 >300 Kg/m3 ( hence ok) STEP 5: Calculation of percentage volume of coarse and fine aggregate

   From table 3, of IS 10262 -2009, fraction volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20mm size aggregate, for fine aggregate of zone II and water cement ratio of 0.5 is 0.62

   But actual w/c is 0.45

   So, difference in w/c = 0.50 0.45 = 0.05

   For this IS 10262 says that, as the w/c ratio is reduced, it is desirable to increase the coarse aggregate content by 0.01 for every decrease in w/c of 0.05

   For w/c ratio of 0.45, coarse aggregate proportion = 0.62 + 0.01 = 0.63

   Since it is a angular aggregate and pumped concrete, the coarse aggregate can be reduced by 10% (IS 10262 2009, page 3) So, after reduction by 10%,

   Actual fine aggregate = 1 coarse aggregate proportion

   = 1 0.567 = 0.433

   STEP 6: Design mix calculation

   1. Volume of concrete = 1 m3

   2. Volume of cement = mass of cement = 435.653 = 0.1396 m3

      Specific gravity x 1000 3.12 x 1000

   3. Volume of water = mass of water = 196.044 = 0.196044 m3

      Specific gravity x 1000 1 x1000

   4. Volume of admixture = mass of admixture

      specific gravity x 1000 Assuming dose of 1.5% by weight of cement,

      Volume of admixture = (0.015 x 435.653) = 0.00605 m3

      1.08 x 1000

   5. Volume of entrapped air = 2% for 20mm coarse aggregate

      = 0.02 m3

      ( IS 10262: 2009 , % entrapped air is zero, but we take it as 2% of total volume)

   6. Volume of all aggregate combined ( CA + FA )

      = volume of concrete ( sum of volume of cement, admixture, water,air)

      = 1 ( 0.1396+0.00605+0.004313+0.196044+0.02) = 0.6339

   7. Mass of coarse aggregate

      = proportion of CA x volume of total aggregate x specific gravity x 1000

      = 0.6339 x 0.567 x 2.82 x 1000=1013.568Kg/m3

   8. Mass of fine aggregate

= proportion of FA x volume of total aggregate x specific gravity x 1000

= 0.6339 x 0.433 x 2.59 x 1000 = 710.899 Kg/m3

Step 7: Proportion of trial 1

1) Cement = 435.653 Kg/m3

2) Water = 196.044 Kg/m3

1. Coarse aggregate = 1013.568 Kg/m3

2. Fine aggregate = 710.899 Kg/m3

3. Super plasticizer = 6053.73ml , 6) VMA = 4313.39ml

Table design mix of M25 concrete.

RESULT:

CEMENT

Portland pozzolana cement [IS: 1489-1993 part 1, Specifications for Portland pozzolana cement] has been used in the study. It was procured from a single source and stored as per IS: 4032 1977.

Table. Test result of test on cement( PCC)

Table. Test result of tests on fine aggregate and coarse aggregate COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Compressive strength of a material is defined as the value of uniaxial compressive stress reached when the material completely fails. In this investigation, the cube specimens of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm are tested in accordance with IS:5161969 [Method of test for strength of concrete]. The testing was done on a compression testing machine of capacity 2000KNwith least count of 10KN.

In the present investigation, the compressive strength test has been conducted on concretes with different sizes of coarse aggregate. M 25 grade of SCC at 7 and 28 day were tested.

Table : compressive strength of concrete

40

35

30

25

20 7 days

15 28 days

10

5

0

0 33 36 39 42 45 48

CONCLUSION

• As the percentage of copper slag increases workability increases

• The slump value increases in all samples as percentage of copper slag increases.

• The strength of concrete is increased due to high toughness of copper slag.

• It is concluded that copper slag performs similar or better compared to natural sand concrete.

• Compressive strength of concrete is maximum at 45% of copper slag in replacement of fine aggregate.

REFERENCE

1. Rahul S,RaslMuhammedRafeeq, Dr. T SenthilVadivel, Dr. S Kanchana (Experimental Study on Properties and Effects ofCopper Slag in Self Compacting Concrete).

2. Rahul Sharma, Rizwan A Khan (Fresh and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete containing copper slag as fine aggregates).

3. Shriver Padha, Ravi Kumar (7 July 2016), Utilization of steel slag in concrete as a partial replacement to fine aggregates

4. G.C.Behrera, R.K.Behrerta (Jan, 2016), A study on properties on self compacting concrete with slag as coarse aggregates

5. Hisham Qasrawi (15 march, 2018), Towards sustainable self compacting concrete :Effect of recycled slag coarse aggregates on the fresh properties of SCC

6. Aswathy P.U( oct 2015), Behaviour of self compacting concrete by partial replacement of fine aggregates with coal bottom ash

7. Anitha.K, S.Thendral( 2017), Experimental study on self compacting concrete with blast furnance slag as coarse aggregates

8. Prof. S.R. Vaniya, Prof. Dr. K.B. Parikh (Jan-feb 2016), A study on properties of self compacting concrete with manufactured sand as fine aggregates

9. Asst Prof, Miodas Marg Swarnabhoomi (May 2016), Replacing river sand with granulated copper slag in cement

10. K.Karthiga Priya, Mr. S.Gnana Venkatesh (19 oct,2017), An Experimental investigation on partial replacement of fine aggregates by manufacturing sand and cement by steel slag