Strength Characteristics of Cohesive Soil using Ricehusk Ash, Banana Fiber and Bamboo Fiber

Strength Characteristics of Cohesive Soil using Ricehusk Ash, Banana Fiber and Bamboo Fiber

Navami Chandran B

M-Tech Student Department of Civil Engineering

St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology Trivandrum, India

Veena Vijayan L

Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering

St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology Trivandrum, India

Abstract Stabilization otherwise known as soil improvement is the process of improving the property of soil by using various admixtures. In this research work the soil improvement is done by using ricehusk ash, banana fiber and bamboo fiber. The soil is treated with different percentage of ricehusk ash and optimum percentage is found out. Then bamboo fiber and banana fiber of different percentage is added to the soil with optimum percentage of ricehusk ash. The main objective is to Study the strength behavior of soil reinforced with fiber.

Keywords Soilstabilisation, Ricehuskash(RHA), Bamboo Fiber, Banana Fiber, Compaction, UCC, CBR

1. INTRODUCTION

   Stabilization of soil is done from olden days to improve or increase the shear strength of soil. Various stabilization methods are being practiced from which the new method include stabilization of soil by incorporating fiber in to the soil. The stabilization plays a important role when construction is to be done on clayey soil because there may be swelling in presence of water and shrinkage during dry climates that is stabilization is mainly done on the soil which cannot be used as it is available in nature, So proper care should be taken while construction is to be done on clayey soil. In this study Kaolinite is used as the soil sample and is stabilized by adding rice husk ash, bamboo fiber and banana fiber. Firstly kaolinite is treated with ricehusk ash and optimum percentage is found out, then bamboo fiber and banana fiber is added to that optimum amount of RHA and the test is carried out and the optimum amount is found out.

   A. Objective of the Study

   • To study the changes in properties of cohesive soil by adding different percentage of ricehusk ash and banana fiber and bamboo fiber.

   • To assess the usefulness of banana fibers and bamboo fibers as soil reinforcement.

   • To study the effect of quantity of fiber on compaction, UCC and CBR

   • Reduce the construction cost by making use of locally available materials.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

   1. MATERIALS

      1. Soil:

         Experiments were carried out on Kaolinite clay taken from Sulekha clay factory, Thonackal in Trivandrum district, Kerala. Fig.1, shows the sample of clayey soil and Table.I,shows the properties of soil.

         Table.I. Properties of Soil

         Properties	Soil
         Specific Gravity	2.64
         Liquid limit, WL	61%
         `Plastic limit, WP	40 %
         Plasticity index, IP	21%
         Shrinkage limit, Ws	25%
         Percentage of clay	70%
         Percentage of silt	30%
         Unconfined compressive strength, qu	0.28 kg/cm2
         California bearing ratio	2.14%
         USCS Classification	CI

         Fig.1. Kaolinite

      2. Ricehusk ash:

         Ricehusk ash was collected from Santhigiri Rice Mills, Trivandrum. There rice husk is collected from paddy fields. It is then heaped and burned to prepare rise husk ash, Fig.2, shows Ricehusk ash and Table.II, shows the properties of Ricehusk ash.

         Constituent	%
         Silica SiO2	89.24
         Alumina Al2O3	2.69
         Carbon	2.56
         Calcium oxide Ca O	1.96
         Magnesium oxide- Mg O	0.48
         Potassium oxide Ka O	0.66
         Ferric oxide – Fe2O3	0.56

         Table II. Properties of Ricehusk ash

         4) Bamboo fiber:

         The bamboo fiber is made from the starchy pulp of bamboo plants. Fiber was obtained from Trivandrum,Table.IV,shows the properties of bamboo fiber and Fig.4, Shows the Bamboo fiber.

         Table IV. Properties of bamboo fiber

         Parameter	Values
         Colour	Light Brown
         Average diameter (mm)	0.85
         Average length (mm)	25

   2. Methodology

   Fig.4. Bamboo fiber

   3) Banana fiber:

   Fig.2.Ricehusk ash

   Laboratory tests (Atterbergs limit, compaction, UCC,CBR) were carried out on clayey soil sample, and on combination of soil, Ricehusk ash and Banana fiber and Bamboo fiber to determine the properties of soil sample.

   Banana fiber is extracted from Banana by decortications by using knife and is kept for drying for 2 days and then cut into needed size. Fiber was obtained from Trivandrum.Table.III, shows properties of banana fiber. And Fig .3,shows Banana fiber.

   Table III. Properties of banana fiber

   Parameter	Values
   Colour	Light Brown
   Average diameter (mm)	0.73
   Average length (mm)	25

   Fig.3.Banana fiber

   • The stabilization of clayey soil with Ricehusk ash is carried out by blending the soil with different percentages of Ricehusk ash(3%, 6%, 9%, 12%) and optimum amount of Ricehusk ash and varying percentage of Bamboo fiber (0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%) and Banana fiber (.25%,0.4%,0.5%,0.75)%is added and determine the strength characteristics of soil.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

After the determination of basic properties of clayey soil, soil stabilized with RHA Bamboo fiber and Banana fiber, the strength parameters like MDD, and UCC were determined by conducting compaction, and UCC (unconfined compressive stress) tests.

1. Results of MDD for clayey soil stabilized with Ricehusk ash

   Fig.5. Graph showing % of RHA v/s MDD

   From the Fig. 5, the maximum dry density is obtained when 6% of RHA is added to the clayey soil. After adding more percentage of RHA to the clayey soil the MDD is decreasing.

2. Results of unconfined compression test for clayey soil stabilized with Ricehusk ash

   Fig.6. Graph showing % of RHA v/s UCC value

   From the Fig 6,the maximum UCC value is obtained when 6% of RHA is added to the clayey soil. By adding more percentage of RHA to the clayey soil the UCC value is decreasing.

3. Results of California bearing ratio test for clayey soil stabilized with Ricehusk ash ash

   Fig.7. Graph showing % of Ricehusk ash v/s CBR value

   From the Fig.7,CBR value is obtained when 6% of Ricehusk ash is added to the clayey soil. By adding more percentage of Ricehusk ash to the clayey soil the UCC value is decreasing.

4. Results of MDD for clayey soil stabilized with optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Bamboo fiber

   Fig.8. Graph showing 6% of RHA and varying % of Bamboo fiber v/s MDD

   From he test result the optimum amount of RHA added to the soil is 6%.From the Fig.8,When optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Bamboo fiber is added to the soil the maximum dry density is obtained at1%.

5. Results of unconfined compression test for clayey soil stabilized with optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage ofBamboofiber

   Fig.9.Graph showing 6% of RHA and varying % of Bamboo fiber v/s UCC value.

   From test result the UCC value is obtained at 1% .From the Fig.9,when optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of bamboo fiber is added to the soil.

6. Results of California bearing ratio test for clayey soil stabilized with optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Bamboo fiber

   Fig.10.Graph showing 6% of RHA and varying % of Bamboo fiber v/s CBR value

   From the test result the CBR value is obtained at 1%.From the Fig.10,when optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Bamboo fiber added to the soil.

7. Results of MDD for clayey soil stabilized with optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Banana fiber

   Fig.11. Graph showing 6% of RHA and varying % of Banana fiber v/s MDD

   From the Fig.11,when optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Banana fiber is added to the soil the maximum dry density is obtained at 0.5%.

8. Results of unconfined compression test for clayey soil stabilized with optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Bananafiber

   Fig.12.Graph showing 6% of RHA and varying % of Banana fiber v/s UCC value.

   From the Fig.12,the UCC value is obtained at0.5% when optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Banana fiber added to the soil.

9. Results of California bearing ratio test for clayey soil stabilized with optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Bananafiber

Fig.13.Graph showing 6% of RHA and varying % of Banana fiber v/s CBR value

From the Fig.13,the CBR value is obtained at 0.5% when optimum amount of RHA and varying percentage of Banana fiber added to the soil.

IV . CONCLUSION

From the test results it is found that properties of the clayey soil have been improved by the addition of RHA, Bamboo fiber and Banana fiber .The maximum dry density increasesand the optimum moisture content increases with the addition of RHA, Bamboo fiber and Banana fiber. But when the optimum amount of RHA is added to the varying percentage of Bamboo fiber and Banana fiber the optimum moisture content is increasing and maximum dry density is decreasing. From the test results it has found that the optimum percentage of RHA is 6%. By adding the optimum percentage of RHA to the varying percentage of Bamboo fiber and Banana fiber to the soil the optimum percentage obtained is 1% and 0.5%.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to my guide

,Mrs. Veena Vijayan L, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering for her invaluable guidance, motivation and constant inspiration and above all for her ever co- operating attitude that enabled me in bringing up this thesis in the present form. I am thankful to her for the encouragement she has given me in completing this thesis. She has been a great guide to me and helped me all the way in completion of this project. I am also greatly thankful to all the staff members of the department in STIST and all my well-wishers and friends for their inspiration and help.

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