Self Charging EV by Wind Turbine

Self Charging EV by Wind Turbine

Sarthak Gosavi Department of Mechanical Engineering

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,

Pune, India

Shwet Jain

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,

Pune, India

Harsh Honrao Department of Mechanical Engineering

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,

Pune, India

Dr.Sampada Dravid Department of Mechanical Engineering

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,

Pune, India

Harsh Shirole Department of Mechanical Engineering

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,

Pune, India

Prof. Rajkumar Bhagat Department of Mechanical Engineering

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,

Pune, India

AbstractThe growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has brought increased attention to the inherent limitations of conventional grid-dependent charging infrastructure. Traditional charging methods consume considerable amounts of energy and impose significant constraints on long-distance travel capabilities. This paper introduces an innovative self- charging EV system featuring a compact wind turbine integrated into the vehicle's bonnet, designed to capture kinetic wind energy produced during vehicle operation. The system converts this captured wind energy into electrical power and stores it in an auxiliary battery. When the main battery becomes depleted, the stored energy serves as a supplementary power source to extend the vehicle's driving range, thus improving both energy efficiency and operational dependability.

The system architecture integrates several key components: an optimized wind turbine, a rectification circuit, a charge controller, and a battery management unit. These elements work together to enable efficient energy conversion and storage throughout the vehicle's operation. Experimental testing validates the system's effectiveness in recovering motion- induced energy, demonstrating meaningful contributions to EV sustainability. The fundamental goals of this innovation are twofold: to improve vehicle autonomy and to reduce reliance on conventional utility grid infrastructure. By achieving these objectives, the proposed system supports the ongoing transition toward more sustainable urban transportation solutions.

KeywordsElectric Vehicle (EV), Wind Turbine, Self-Charging System, Renewable Energy, Energy Recovery, Sustainable Transportation.

1. INTRODUCTION

   The concept of a Self-Charging Electric Vehicle (EV) using Urban Wind Turbines is proposed to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of electric mobility. The rapid increase in electric vehicle demand has highlighted the urgent need for sustainable and autonomous charging solutions. Conventional charging stations rely heavily on electricity generated from non-renewable energy sources, indirectly contributing to environmental degradation.

   To overcome this limitation, integrating urban wind energy into EV systems can serve as a potential renewable charging method. The motion of vehicles or the natural airflow around urban infrastructures can be utilized to generate electricity through compact wind turbines. This captured energy can be stored and used to charge the vehicles battery while in motion or during idle states.

   The use of wind turbines embedded in or around vehicles not only reduces dependence on external charging infrastructure but also promotes clean and decentralized power generation. Moreover, urban environments inherently offer several untapped renewable energy opportunitiesparticularly from continuous wind flows generated by moving vehicles, high- rise buildings, and traffic-induced air movement.

   Thus, the development of self-charging systems that harness renewable energy sources such as wind holds significant research and practical importance. The proposed concept of a self-charging EV powered by urban wind turbines aims to extend the operational range of vehicles and improve overall energy sustainability in modern transportation systems.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

   Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution for achieving sustainable transportation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. Despite these advantages, EVs continue to face significant challenges, particularly regarding limited driving range and extended charging times, which have slowed widespread adoption. In response to these limitations, researchers have investigated various renewable energy- based and self-charging mechanisms to enhance EV performance and practicality.

   Zahir Hussain et al. [1] presented an innovative approach for charging EV batteries using wind energy captured during vehicle operation. Their system incorporated a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) integrated into the vehicle's front grille to capture oncoming airflow. The mechanical energy generated by the turbine was converted into electrical energy through a DC generator and regulated using a boost converter and voltage controller, enabling partial self-charging while

   the vehicle was in motion. This approach demonstrated promising potential for reducing dependence on external charging infrastructure and lowering energy costs.

   Sharma et al. [2] developed a solar-assisted EV charging system that utilized rooftop photovoltaic (PV) panels to extend vehicle range during daylight hours. Although this system proved effective under favorable weather conditions, its performance remained dependent on sunlight availability, limiting continuous operation capabilities. Patel and Kumar

   [3] introduced a regenerative braking system designed to recover kinetic energy during vehicle deceleration. However, the system's efficiency was constrained by variations in braking frequency and vehicle speed.

   Lee et al. [4] explored the implementation of a compact vehicle-mounted wind turbine to capture motion-induced airflow. Their investigation revealed several challenges, including increased aerodynamic drag and relatively low energy generation. Gupta et al. [5] proposed a hybrid solar- wind energy charging system that offered continuous renewable energy input. Despite its advantages, this approach introduced increased system complexity and additional vehicle weight. Kouloumpis [6] conducted a comprehensive life cycle analysis of small-scale VAWTs, highlighting that compact turbines could serve as sustainable energy sources when properly optimized for aerodynamic efficiency.

   In the context of broader energy systems integration, González Vayá and Andersson [7] investigated the coordination between plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) aggregators and wind power producers. Their research demonstrated how aggregated EV fleets could provide grid balancing services to compensate for wind power variability through controlled charging and discharging strategies, thereby supporting renewable energy integration into the power grid. This work underscores the synergy between wind energy utilization and EV energy management, which aligns closely with the objectives of the present studydeveloping a self-sustaining EV charging system through onboard wind energy recovery.

3. METHODOLOGY

   The methodology employed in developing the Self-Charging Electric Vehicle (EV) system with integrated wind turbine technology follows a systematic approach to convert wind energy produced by vehicle motion into usable electrical energy for battery charging. This section outlines the procedural framework, component selection, and operational principles undrlying the proposed system. The methodology encompasses hardware design, circuit integration, experimental testing, and comprehensive performance evaluation.

   1. System Overview

      The proposed system operates on the principle of energy regeneration through motion-induced wind power. During vehicle operation, the wind turbine mounted at the front section captures incoming airflow, transforming the wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy via a DC generator. The generated electrical power undergoes regulation before being stored in a lithium-ion battery, thereby enabling the vehicle's self-charging capability.

   2. System Components

      1. Fan Blade (Wind Turbine): The fan blades function as miniature wind turbines with aerodynamically optimized designs that enable efficient rotation in response to airflow generated during vehicle motion. The rotational movement of these blades provides the primary source of mechanical energy for the generator.

      2. DC Generator: The DC generator transforms the mechanical rotation of the fan blades into direct current (DC) electrical energy. The quantity of electricity produced correlates directly with vehicle speed and wind intensity, providing a supplementary charging source for the EV battery system.

      3. Diode: The circuit incorporates a diode to ensure unidirectional current flow. This component permits current passage exclusively from the generator to the battery, preventing reverse current flow that could potentially compromise the generator or cause unintended battery discharge.

      4. Indicator Light (Charging Status): An LED indicator connected in parallel with the charging circuit provides visual confirmation of charging activity. When the generator produces current and battery charging commences, the LED illuminates, indicating active and functional system operation.

      5. Lithium-Ion Battery: The battery functions as the primary energy storage component. Lithium-ion technology was selected based on its superior energy density, rapid charging characteristics, and extended operational lifespan. The DC power generated by the wind turbine is stored in this battery for subsequent vehicle propulsion.

   3. Working Process

   The operational sequence of the system proceeds as follows:

   • Forward vehicle motion creates airflow that impacts the fan blades, initiating rotational movement.

   • The rotational motion of the fan blades drives the DC generator, facilitating the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

   • The generated DC voltage passes through the diode, which permits only forward current flow toward the battery storage system.

   1. The indicator LED illuminates, providing visual confirmation that battery charging is in progress

   2. The generated electricity is subsequently stored in the lithium-ion battery for future utilization.

   3. This stored energy becomes available to power the electric motor, thereby reducing reliance on external charging infrastructure and improving overall energy efficiency.

4. OBJECTIVES

   The objective of this Self Charging EV by Wind Turbine project is to create a compact ,portable ,cost-effective model/device that can easily create current utilizing wind energy. To reduce dependence on external charging sources.

   • To enhance the overall driving range and efficiency of Electric Vehicles.

   • Integrate a wind based electricity generating system With Electric Vehicles power source/ batteries.

   • To promote renewable and sustainable energy generation In latest Electric Vehicles.

   • To ensures safety and stability of battery,current generating device.

   • To reduce reduction of carbon through this system.

   • To calculate efficiency increased in EVs after adding self charging device.

   • Ensures lightweight , compact device and easy to install.

     By focusing continuous charging and reduce energy loss ,this project enhance operational efficiency and support towards green mobility solution.Also focusing on sustainability efficiency and innovation

5. FUTURE SCOPE

   1. Aerodynamic and Structural Optimization

      Future research can explore the aerodynamic integration of wind turbines without increasing drag. Advanced CFD analysis can help design ducts or air channels that guide airflow efficiently to the turbine.

   2. High-Efficiency Generator and Blade Design

      Development of lightweight, high-speed, and low-friction generators with improved blade geometries (e.g., composite or morphing blades) can significantly increase power output.

   3. Intelligent Control and Power Management Incorporating smart controllers and MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithms can optimize energy conversion

      under variable wind and speed conditions.

   4. Integration with Solar and Regenerative Systems

      Combining wind energy with solar and regenerative braking can result in a hybrid self-charging EV system with better overall energy utilization.

   5. Use of Advanced Materials

      Future designs may employ carbon-fiber or nanocomposite materials to reduce weight and improve efficiency of the turbine assembly.

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   6. Energy Storage and Distribution Systems

      Developing hybrid storage systems using batteries and supercapacitors can store small bursts of wind energy more effectively.

   7. IoT and Cloud-Based Monitoring

      Real-time data analytics and IoT integration can track energy generation, vehicle speed, and turbine performance to enhance system reliability and predictive maintenance.

   8. Economic and Environmental Assessment

      Further studies can analyze costbenefit ratios, environmental impacts, and life-cycle performance of integrating wind systems into EVs.

   9. Urban and Highway-Specific Design Adaptation Optimized systems for different driving environments compact low-speed turbines for city use and high-speed

      models for highways can maximize practical benefits.

   10. Prototype Scaling and Field Testing

       Large-scale experimental validation under real driving conditions is essential to evaluate performance, durability, and overall system efficiency.

   11. Integration with Smart Grids (V2G)

       Excess energy generated can be stored or transmitted to smart grids through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems, promoting decentralized renewable energy utilization.

   12. Development of Autonomous Energy Systems

       Future electric or autonomous vehicles can achieve partial self-sufficiency by using embedded wind systems to charge communication and control modules independently.

   13. Noise and Vibration Optimization

   Research on turbine acoustics and vibration control can enhance comfort, safety, and mechanical stability during operation.

6. APPLICATIONS

   1. Onboard Charging for Electric Vehicles

      The proposed system can be employed in electric vehicles to continuously generate electricity from wind while the vehicle is in motion, reducingdependency on external charging stations.

   2. Range Extension in Long-Distance Travel

      During highway driving, where vehicle speed is high and wind velocity is sufficient, the system can extend the effective driving range by supplementing the battery power.

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      International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology

   3. Energy Supply for Auxiliary Loads

      The harvested energy can be used to power low-energy vehicle components such as headlights, cabin fans, sensors, infotainment, and air-conditioning systems, thereby conserving battery energy for propulsion.

   4. Emergency Backup Charging System

      In the absence of charging infrastructure, wind energy can act as an emergency power source to provide limited recharging for vehicle batteries.

   5. Use in Hybrid and Renewable Energy Vehicles

      The wind-based charging system can be combined with other renewable systems like solar panels or piezoelectric devices to develop a multi-source self-charging hybrid EV.

   6. Small Electric Mobility Devices

      This concept can be applied to small-scale vehicles such as electric scooters, bicycles, and golf carts to maintain continuous energy input during motion.

   7. Commercial and Public Transport Vehicles

      Public buses, delivery vans, and fleet vehicles can integrate this system to slightly increase mileage and reduce overall energy costs.

   8. Military and Off-Road Vehicles

      Wind-charging systems can be highly useful for military or off-road electric vehicles that operate in remote areas with no access to charging stations.

   9. Marine and Aerodynamic Applications

      The same principle can be extended to boats, ships, and drones, using onboard airflow to drive micro-turbines for auxiliary power generation.

   10. Educational and Demonstration Purposes

       Engineering institutions can use this design as a demonstration model for renewable integration, power electronics, and aerodynamics studies.

   11. Sustainable Vehicle Development

       Incorporating such systems contributes toward the development of low-carbon, energy-efficient transportation aligned with global sustainability goals.

   12. Smart City and IoT-Based Vehicle Systems

       The data collected from onboard wind energy modules can be integrated into smart city platforms for energy analytics and efficiency optimization

       ISSN: 2278-0181

       Vol. 14 Issue 10, October – 2025

7. CONCLUSION

The concept of a self-charging electric vehicle powered by urban wind turbines represents a promising step toward achieving sustainable urban transportation. By capturing untapped wind energy from vehicle motion and city airflow, it helps reduce dependence on external charging infrastructure, thereby improving overall energy efficiency. The integration of compact wind turbines with EVs provides an opportunity to utilize renewable energy that is often overlooked in urban environments.

Although the energy contribution from urban wind sources may be limited compared to large-scale systems, this renewable energy can still play a significant role in supporting auxiliary loads and extending driving range while reducing overall energy consumption. Moreover, it is a cost- effective and environmentally friendly solution.

Future advancements in turbine design, lightweight materials, and power management systems could further enhance performance, making the system more efficient, pollution-free, and sustainable.

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