Electrical Distribution Network Performance Enhancement using DG

DOI : 10.17577/IJERTCONV10IS11030

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Electrical Distribution Network Performance Enhancement using DG

Shivanand Hirekodi,Vijayalakshmi Walikar, Renuka Ganager, Sangeeta M.Huchhannavar, Gajanand koli

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engg.

Hirasugar Institute of Technology, Nidasoshi, India

Abstract- Quality of power is important issue for utility companies and end users of low and medium voltage. So to minimize the dependency on generation of electric energy from conventional fuel, distributed renewable energy technologies are gaining importance in the energy supply systems. Hence to focus on solution towards environment and economical related challenges, Distributed Generations (DGs) systems are being widely installed to overcome challenges caused by conventional plants. Because of rise in the demands for electrical energy, now a days Distributed generation (DG) has become more attractive. To reduce real power losses, running cost and improve the voltage stability, DG plays a prime role. This paper deals with power loss minimization as prime objective function. To realize this, placing and sizing of DG has to be done optimally. Hence the technique for most favorable location and sizing of several units for distribution set-up with different load model for standard IEEE Bus system is analyzed.

KeywordsPower loss, Distribution Network, Voltage profile, Stability,Power quality

optimization issue [7]. Here an analytical and simulation approach is used for deciding the most favorable rating and place of DG to decrease power loss [8]-[10].

II.METHODOLOGY

The methodology of the proposed work deals with the main objective function for optimization of power losses i.e. to reduce the losses. Fig.1. shows flow chart of optimal placement and sizing of DG. Initially 1st step will start and then power losses of the existing system without DG are verified at various buses in power distribution system. Then those losses are assigned as objective function to determine suitable sizing of DG connected at any selected node i buses except slack bus. Further power losses with DG will be verified. Then comparison of power loss with and without DG is performed. If losses with DG are less than losses without DG, then results

I.INTRODUCTION

As a solution to environment and cost effective challenges posed by normal power plants, DGs are gaining huge interest in electrical power systems [1]. For building new infrastructure of power plants and transmission networks, needs lot of investment compared with errection of DGs. Hence such arrangement makes installation of DGs a better alternative solution to usual power plants in delivering growing load demands of electrical energy [2]. Energy distributions Systems are finding enormous augmentation in the field of DG for the reason that of financial benefits, ecological concerns, reliability requisite etc.[3] At present there is rapid development for utilization of DG at power supply level in modernized power system. This is owing to the apparent gains like boost in reliability of supply, enhanced voltage profile and decline in transmission loss [4]. For keeping less pollution problems related to environment, utilization of renewable sources of energy has more importance, as it provides sustainable living [5]. For load centers which are away from big size generation plants, renewable sources can be used for small-scale purpose. In recent years, researchers and professionals are focusing more to resolve power quality issues. Owing to use of critical electrical devices, adverse effects of present equipments, rising demand to better quality electricity, energy suppliers inclination to consumers satisfactions and easy accessibility to quality power etc.[6] The choice of best possible site and rating of DG units in the power supply network is

Fig.1. Flow chart of optimal placement and sizing of DG

like bus number are stored and those minimum losses will assigned as objective function. If power losses are greater, then verify power loss of another bus to optimally locate the DG till desired output is obtained. If above condition is satisfied, next step is to decide optimal sizing of DG as per objective function

Equations of bus voltage and power

(1)

=[Vi *- ] (2)

Where Vi is Voltage of ith bus

Pi is real power of ith bus

Qi is reactive power of ith bus

Yi is admittance of ith row and column

Line current and line losses

I12=Y12 (3)

Voltage of Each Bus is

V1=1.060° V2=1.05 0° V3=1.03 0° V4=V5=10°

(6)

Where I is bus current

Line flows: 12=V1I12* (4) Where is bus angle

Line losses L12= (5)

Voltage at 4th Bus in first titration.

V4^1=

V4^1=1.0195-0.0348i, V4^1=1.0195 -1.96°

Voltage at 5th Bus in first titration.

III.LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS

The IEEE 5 bus system with generator at buses 1, 2 & 3 are

considered. Bus 1 with its voltage set at 1.060° P.U is taken as the slack bus. Voltage magnitude & real power generation

at buses 2 &3 are 1.045 P.U 40MW and 1.030 P.U, 30MW

V5^1=

V5^1=-1.0101-0.044i

V5^1=1.0112-2.55°

respectively. Line impedance is marked as run unit on a 100MVA bus 10KV is the Base voltage & the lines charging are neglected. Computation of Y-bus matrix and determination of phasor values of the voltages at the load buses 4 & 5 (P-Q buses) is performed.

Bus No.

PU line impedance values

2-3

0.06+j0.18

4-5

0.08+j0.24

2-5

0.04+j0.12

2-4

0.06+j0.18

1-2

0.02+j0.06

3-4

0.01+j0.03

1-3

0.08+j0.24

Table 1. shows the transmission line impedances in PU TABLE.1. TRANSMISSION LINE IMPEDANCES

Table 4. shows simulated results of bus voltages and power

without DGs for IEEE 5 Bus system.

Table 2. shows bus voltages in PU values , generation and the load data

TABLE 2. GENERATION AND LOAD DATA

NODE NO

FROM NAME

V- MAG P.U

ANGLE DEGREE

MW GEN

MVAR GEN

MW LOAD

MVAR LOAD

1

Bus 1

1.0600

0.00

55.992

21.606

0.000

0.000

2

Bus 2

1.0450

-1.17

40.000

55.988

20.000

10.000

3

Bus 3

1.0300

-1.38

30.000

20.194

20.000

15.000

4

Bus 4

1.0195

-1.96

0.000

0.000

50.000

30.000

5

Bus 5

1.0112

-2.55

0.000

0.000

60.000

40.000

TABLE 4.BUS VOLTAGES AND POWER WITHOUT DGS

Table 5. shows simulated results of bus voltages and power with DGs for IEEE 5 Bus system.

Forward

Loss

SL NO.

CS

FROM

Node

From Bus.

TO

Node

TO Bus

In MW

In MVAR

In MW

In MVAR

1

1

1

BUS1

2

BUS2

42.109

12.851

0.34

1.035

2

1

1

BUS1

3

BUS3

13.883

8.754

0.19

0.575

3

1

2

BUS2

3

BUS3

4.559

7.192

0.03

0.119

4

1

2

BUS2

4

BUS4

11.758

10.958

0.14

0.425

5

1

2

BUS2

5

BUS5

55.946

40.684

0.87

2.629

6

1

3

BUS3

4

BUS4

42.649

22.115

0.21

0.652

7

1

4

BUS4

5

BUS5

5.068

1.836

0.02

0.067

TABLE 5.BUS VOLTAGES AND POWER WITH DGs

Bus no

Bus voltage in PU

Generat ion in MW

Generation in MVAR

Load in MW

Load in MVA R

1

1.06

2

1.045

40

20

10

3

1.03

30

20

15

4

50

30

5

60

40

Y13 =1.24-3.75j

Y32=-1.666-5j

Y11=6.24-18.75j

Y34=10-30j

Y24=-1.666-5j

Y33=12.906-38.75j

Y12=5-15j

Y25=-2.5-7.5j

Y44=12.916-38.75j

Y25=2.5-7.5j

Y54=-1.25-3.75j

Y22=10.83-32.5j

Y45=1.25-3.75j

Y21=-5-15j

Y55=3.75-11.25j

Y23=1.666-5j

Y52=-2.5-7.5j

Y31=-1.24-3.75j

Y42=1.666-5j

Y43= -10-30j

Table 3. shows calculated values of admittance TABLE 3. ADMITTANCE OF 5 BUS SYSTEM

Fig.2. shows simulated results of bus voltages and power with

DGs

BUS VOLTAGES AND POWER WITH

DGS

MW GEN MVAR GEN MW LOAD MVAR LOAD

10

20

0

21.606

15

40

55.992

50

60

B U S 1

B U S 2

B U S 3

0

B U S 4

0

B U S 5

55.988

30

20

20.194

40

30

Fig. 2. Bus voltages and power with DGs

Fig.3. shows simulated results of line flows and line losses with DGs.

LINE FLOWS AND LINE LOSSES WITH DGs

4

3.5

MW GEN MVAR GEN

250

200

150

100

50

0

BUS 1 BUS 2 BUS 3 BUS 4 BUS 5

Fig.4. shows bus Voltages and Power with slack bus

300

Fig.4. Bus Voltages and Power with slack bus

Table 7. shows simulated results with second generator placed in fifth bus.

TABLE 7.LINE FLOWS AND LINE LOSSES

Forward

Loss

SL NO.

CS

FROM NODE

FROM NAME

TO NODE

TO NAME

MW

MVAR

MW

MVAR

% LOD ING

1

1

1

BUS1

2

BUS2

61.135

13.050

0.6956

2.0867

59.0

2

1

3

BUS3

1

BUS1

20.131

-5.801

0.3310

0.9929

20.3

3

1

3

BUS3

2

BUS2

-6.88

-4.303

0.0373

0.1119

7.9

4

1

4

BUS4

2

BUS2

-13.1

-6.472

0.1218

0.3655

14.3

5

1

5

BUS5

2

BUS2

-20.05

9.969

0.1837

0.5512

21.4

6

1

4

BUS4

4

BUS3

-37.06

-13.58

0.1491

0.4473

38.6

7

1

5

BUS5

4

BUS4

0.015

9.872

0.0714

0.2142

9.4

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

LINE 1 LINE 2 LINE 3 LINE 4 LINE 5 LINE 6 LINE 7

LOSS MW LOSS MVAR % LOADING

Fig.3. Line flows and line losses with second DG

Real power generation in MW

159.436

Total react. Power generation in MVAR

124.521

Generation P.F.

0.788

Total real power in MW

150.000

Total reactive power load in MVAR

95.000

Load P.F.

0.845

Total real power loss in MW

10.0603

Percentage real power loss

6.310

Total reactive power loss in MVAR

30.181032

Table 5. shows summary of simulated results with DGs TABLE 5. SUMMARY OF RESULTS WITH DGS

Table 8. shows summary of simulated results with second generator placed in fifth bus.

Total real power generation in MW

151.597

Total reactive power generation in MVAR

99.177

Total real power load in MW

150.00

Total reactive power load in MVAR

95.00

Total real power loss in MW

1.589893

Total reactive power loss in MVAR

4.769677

TABLE 8SUMMARY OF RESULTS WITH SECOND GENERATOR PLACED IN FIFTH BUS

Table 6. shows simulated results of bus voltages and power for slack bus

TABLE 6.BUS VOLTAGES AND POWER FOR SLACK BUS

Table 9. shows simulated results of real power loss in percentage, with second generator placed in fifth bus. It can be observed that, line connected between bus 2 and 3 has minimum loss due to optimal placement of DG. The power generation and load demand is balanced with minimum real power loss to enhance performance of power distribution network.

NODE NO

FROM BUS

V- MAG P.U

ANGLE DGE

MW GEN

MVAR GEN

MW LOAD

MVAR LOAD

MVAR COMP

1

BUS1

1.060

0.00

159.09

120.28

0.000

0.000

0.000

2

BUS2

0.989

-2.87

0.000

0.000

20.00

10.00

0.000

3

BUS3

0.957

-4.25

0.000

0.000

20.00

15.00

0.000

4

BUS4

0.9468

-4.82

0.000

0.000

50.00

30.00

0.000

5

BUS5

0.9219

-5.86

0.000

0.000

60.00

40.00

0.000

TABLE 9 PERCENTAGE REAL POWER LOSS

Considering placement of Second generator in fifth bus to minimize power loss

Power Generation

=Power Demand +Power load 151.97 MW = 150.0195 MW

Loss = 1.589893

% real power loss

1.049

CONCLUSION

The proposed work deals with power loss minimization as prime objective function. Hence computation of particular bus voltage and angle is performed. The computed results are verified with simulation results using Mi power tool. The key conclusion is that, optimal placement of DG at fifth bus and sizing of second generator is recommended for power loss minimization.

REFERENCES

[1] K. Bhumkittipich W. Minimizing Power Loss in Distribution System by Optimal Sizing and Sitting of Distributed Generators with Network Reconfiguration Using Grey Wolf and Particle Swarm Optimizers, vol. 34 pp 307-317. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe).

[2] R. B. Magadum and D. B. Kulkarni, Energy Loss Minimization by Optimal Siting and Sizing of DG with Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Networks International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), ISSN: 2278- 3075, Volume-8 Issue-10, August 2019.

[3] R. B. Magadum and D. B. Kulkarni, Power Loss Reduction by Optimal Location of DG using Fuzzy Logic 2015 International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials (ICSTM), Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, T.N., India. 6 – 8 May 2015. pp.338-343.

[4] Rudresh B Magadum, D.B.Kulkarni, Minimization of Power Loss with Enhancement of the Voltage Profile using Optimal Placement of Distribution Transformer and Distributed Generator ,8th IEEE international conference on Communication and Signal Processing( ICCSP) Adhiparashakti College of Engineering, Melmavaruthur, T.N., India. April 4-6, 2019, pp-392-395.

[5] Rudresh B Magadum, D.B.Kulkarni Performance Enrichment of Distribution Network with DG in Presence of STATCOM 2020 6th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS

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[7] Arjun Tyagi, Ashu Verma, Lokesh Kumar Panwar, Optimal Placement and sizing of distributed generation in an unbalanced distribution system using grey wolf optimization method, Inderscience publishers (IEL), Vol-10, No-2, 2019, pp, 208-224.

[8] D. Rama Prabha *, T. Jayabarathi Optimal placement and sizing of multiple distributed generating units in distribution networks by invasive weed optimization algorithm Ain Shams Engineering Journal Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2016, Pages 683-694

[9] Fahad S. Abu-Mouti, Student Member, IEEE, and M. E. El- Hawary,Fellow,Optimal Distributed Generation Allocation and Sizing in Distribution Systems via Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 26, NO. 4, OCTOBER 2011.

[10] Masoud Esmaili a, Esmail Chaktan Firozjaee b Heidar Ali Shayanfar b Optimal placement of distributed generations considering voltage stability and power losses with observing voltage-related constraints Applied Energy Volume 113, January 2014, Pages 1252-1260