Design of Electric Forklift used in Small industrial Warehouses and Workshops

Design of Electric Forklift used in Small industrial Warehouses and Workshops

Gawade Karan D

UG Department of Mechanical Engineering, PCCOE Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

Mane Vinay N

UG Department of Mechanical Engineering, PCCOE Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

More Shubham N

UG Department of Mechanical Engineering, PCCOE Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

Raut Shubham B

UG Department of Mechanical Engineering, PCCOE Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

Prof. Suryavanshi Amol V

Faculty of Department of Mechanical Engineering, PCCOE Savitribai Phule

Pune University

Abstract – We describe forklift powered by an electric motor instead of the IC engine using rechargeable batteries the main objective of this project is to design electrically powered forklift for material handling in industrial warehouses and workshops. Nowadays in industries, the forklift operates on an IC engine for transportation and hydraulic system for lifting and lowering of materials. Due to this mode of operation, there are many adverse environmental impacts such as emission of carbon dioxide and leakage of hydraulic fluid. This paper discusses how to integrate the electric system into a forklift truck to make it electrically powered which lift to 200 kg and elevate up to 6 feet.

Keywords – Forklift, Rechargeable Batteries, Electric Motor, IC Engine

1. INTRODUCTION

   In general the forklift can be defined as a tool capable of lifting hundreds of kilograms. A forklift has two metal forks on the front used to lift cargo. Forklifts have revolutionized warehouse work. The forklift operator drives the forklift forward until the forks push under the cargo, and can then lift the cargo several feet in the air by operating the forks. The forks, also known as blades or tines, are usually made out of steel and can lift up to tons.

2. MARKET SURVEY

   The market survey lets to understand and realize the real demand and potential for the product under consideration. First and foremost, it is necessary to establish that the proposed product will fulfill the required specifications, what is supposed to do, and the service it can offer to the consumers.

   We surveyed in our institute and small industrial workshop where we found that the educational engineering apparatus and industrial equipment up to 200 Kg is not easy to move from one place to another place. So the miniature forklift is required to design that can utilized for lifting load up to 150Kg.

3. FIELD OF USE

   Forklifts are also immensely essential in warehouse operations. Forklifts are mainly used for loading and unloading trucks and for carrying goods. They can be used to stack material both the small and the more massive ones in places that cannot easily be accessed by humans. Aside from carrying goods and materials, forklifts can also be used to transport large and hefty equipment. Theyre used as a substitute tool to aerial lifts and cranes to hoist people to higher places, especially when these people need to perform a variety of tasks, such as: Inventory of stocks, and Maintenance purposes.

4. LITERATURE SURVEY

   From the references actual Industrial forklift we have designed our miniature and cost effective forklift. The structure is constructed by using square tubes, C-channels, Metal frames, Chain- sprocket, bearings, etc.(1) These materials are easily available into market. From literature survey we got important information regarding design procedures and manufacturing of Forklift. It provides information related to design consideration and battery selection methods.(6) The advantage of using this technology is to increase productivity in small scale industries by better material handling availability and enhancing safety majors.(3)

5. WORKING

   Electric Forklifts derive power from Lead Acid Batteries. The carriage serves as the base to the forklift. The Carriage is fixed on mast rails so that it can be easily moved upward and downward. The Mast is a vertical part that lifts up and pushes down the loads. A motor is a device that converts electro-chemical energy, provided by an industrial rechargeable battery, into mechanical energy. The Electric motors are attached to the two main vertical structures called the “masts.” However, the actual forks that carry the load are attached to the main body of the forklift

   through a pair of roller chain pulleys whose fulcrum is a gear at the top of the mast. Thus, the Electric motor pushes the masts up, the gears on the masts push against the roller chain.

   Forklifts have two sets of controls: one for steering and one for lifting. The steering controls work much like those of a golf cart: acceleration pedal, brake, steering wheel, forward gear and reverse gear. Front-wheel steering allows the driver a greater degree of rotation and precision when handling a load.

   F(normal) = 1324.35N

   F (frictional) = 0.75*1324.35 = 993.26N

   Now, Torque required for moving forklift vehicle T = F* Radius of wheel

   = 993.26*120

   = 119191.5Nmm = 119.19 Nm

   Selection of Lifting Motor

   Total Load (W) = Mass (m) × Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 150 ×9.81 = 1471.5 N

   Required torque of motor () = 5668.96 Nmm Required motor specification N=100 rpm

   Torque required raising maximum load in Kg-cm

   = = 5668.96 =57.787 kg-cm=5.88Nm

   9.81×10 9.81×10

   Required speed of motor shaft in rpm = 100 rpm

   Fig 1 Detailed design of electric forklift.

   Chain design –

   Selecting standard chain used in cycle as Chain – 06 B From V.B.Bhandari page no. 14.3

   Pitch -9.525mm

   Roller diameter,d1=6.35 mm Transverse pitch pt=10.24 mm Width b1=5.72 mm

   Z1= 18, Z2= 18

   Approximate centre distance,

   a = 40×P —————-nominal a = 40×9.525

   a = 381 mm No of links

    

   Ln=2() + (1+2) + (12)2 × ( )

6. COMPONENTS

   381

   2

   18 + 18

   2

   18 18

   9.525

   1. Chain drive

      = 2(

      ) + (

      ) + (

      )2 × ( )

      It helps to drive the system in both side (one at a time)

      = 98

      9.525 2

      2 ×

      381

      using electric motor. Standard chain of no. 6B is selected.

      Corrected centre distance

      a= {[Ln ((1 + 2)/2)] + ( [Ln ((1 +

   2. Lifting D.C. Motor 4 2

      The D.C. motor is act as prime mover which drives the sprocket to raise the load. We select 12V, 2.5A, 100 rpm, and 6Nm motor

   3. Driving D.C. Motor

      The D.C. motor is act as prime mover which drives the sprocket for transportation purpose. We select 12V, 2.5A, 300 rpm, and 120Nm motor

   4. Wheels

      R8 wheels are used. The wheels rolls and moves the forklift from one place to another place. We use four wheels two at front side attached at bottom at support legs and two are at rear side.

   5. Battery

      The battery acts as power source for driving of motor.

      2)/2) ]2 8 × (12) )}1÷2

      2

      a=191.68 mm a = 192 mm

      Length of the chain

      L = Ln×p = 98×9.525 = 933.45 mm

      Design of sprocket – Used chain no.06B For Z = 18

      Pitch, P = 9.525 mm

      Width between inner plates, b1 = 5.72 mm Roller diameter, d1 = 6.35 mm Transverse pitch pt = 10.24 mm

      Pitch circle diameter

      We use two batteries of capacities 12V, 7.2 Ah

   6. Lifting Forks

   The dimensions of lifting fork L600, A=40x40x10mm. The lifting fork directly lifts the load fro its position.

   D1 =

   sin (180/1)

   = 9.525

   ( )

   ( )

    

   sin 180

   18

   D2 = sin (180/2)

   = 9.525

   ( )

   ( )

    

   sin 180

   18

7. DESIGN

   Selection of Driving Motor

   Mass of forklift vehicle with driver = 270 kg Acceleration assumed as = 1G F= 270*9.81 = 2648.7N

   D1 = 54.85 mm D2 = 54.85 mm

   Roller seating radius (ri)

   rimax = 0.505d1 + 0.069× (d1)1/3

   rimax = 3.33mm

   rimin = 0.505 d1 = 3.2mm Tooth Flank Radius (re)

   4 4

   4 4

    

   remax = 0.008× (z2+180) =16.928mm

   = ( ) = (2.45×600 )

   remin = 0.12×d1(z+2) = 15.24mm

   8

   8×210×103

   Root Diameter (Df)

   Df = D 2× ri = 88.47mm

   Tooth height above pitch polygon (ha)

   hamax = 0.625×p 0.5×d1 +0.8× = 2.9513mm

   hamin = 0.5× (p-d1) = 1.5875mm Tooth Width (bf)

   bf = 0.93 ×b1 = 5.3196mm

   Tooth Side Relief (ba)

   ba = 0.1p to 0.15p = 1.1907mm

   Design of Fork

   Outer face height (D) = 50.8 mm Outer face width (B) = 50.8 mm Inner ace height (d) = 44.8 mm Inner face width (b) = 44.8 mm Length of fork (L) = 600 mm Moment of Inertia of fork (I)

   = 0.43 mm

   Fig 3- Uniformly distributed load

   Selection of bearing

   Bearing life = 12000-20000 Hrs. Radial load (P) = 2450 N

   Speed (n) = 50 rpm

   Assume L_10h = 12000 hrs.

   1

   =

   12

   [3 3]

   Bearing life (L_10)

   I= 1

   12

   [6659702.81 4028209.56]

   L_10= (60 × n × L_10h)/10^6

   = 219291.10 4

   1] Consider Two Fork with Point Load Moment of Inertia for two fork (I)

   I = I1+I2 = 219291.10 + 219291.10 I = 438582.2 4

   Bending Moment ()

   = -W × L = -1470 × 600 M_A

   = – 882000 N-mm

   3 3

   3 3

    

   3. Deflection ( )

   L_10=(60 ×50×12000)/10^6

   L_10 = 36 million rev.

   Load capacity (C)

   C = P(L_10)^(1/3)

   C = 2450(36)^(1/3) C = 8089.72 N

   Using standard table of bearing selection,

   = ( )= 1470×600

   = 1.149 mm

   C = 9950 N

   3

   3×210×103438582.2

   C_0 = 4150 N

   d = 12mm, D = 37mm, B = 12mm

   But, from available bearing range in market, we are assuming suitable bearing

   d = 12mm, D = 28mm, B = 8mm Designation DGBB 60012 Z

   Fig 2- Point load

   II] Consider Two Fork with Uniform Distributed Load Moment of Inertia for two fork (I)

   I = I1+I2 = 219291.10 + 219291.10 I = 438582.2 4

   Find W/mm W/mm = = 1470

   600

   2 2

   2 2

    

   W/mm = 2.45 N/mm Bending Moment ()

    

   = × =- 2.45×600

   2 2

8. CONCLUSION

   The main boon of using the technology is to reduce the impact of fuel-based forklift also it lessons human efforts and their misconceptions. Its not only user friendly but also environment friendly. It is highly affordable at a lower cost.

9. FUTURE SCOPE

In the era of interconnectivity every device, machine and person will start talking to each other, and this includes lift trucks. The introduction of automated decision-making into forklift technology will make operations safer. Next generation of environmentally friendly Forklift has an electric-powered core which combines with rechargeable battery-capacity technology to clear even the strictest environmental standards. By removing unnecessary processes and extended routes, forklift operators around the world can reduce man hours, emissions and costs significantly.

= – 441000 Nmm

Deflection( )

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank Prof. Suryavanshi Amol V. for his guidance. His enthusiasms as well as his technical expertise were essential in helping us overcome many obstacles. Under his guidance we got know about industrial and economic aspects required for developing any product.

REFERENCES

1. FAN Jie et al, Design of an Electric Forklift, Computer-Aided Drafting and Manufacturing, Vol. 25, No. 3, September 2015, pp 39-42
2. Juan M. Massone, Failure of forklift forks, Engineering Failure Analysis, Elsevier Ltd., January 2010
3. Sachin Ugale et al, Design, Development, and Modelling of Forklift, International Journal of EngineeringResearch & Tech

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2. Wang, Lili & Zhao, Dingxuan & Wang, Yao & Wang, Lei & Li, Yilei & Du, Miaomiao & Chen, Hanzhe, 2017. “Energy management strategy development of forklift with electric lifting device,” Energy,Elsevier,vol.128