Design of a Monopole Fractal Antenna for UWB Wireless Communication Networks

DOI : 10.17577/IJERTV3IS090998

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Design of a Monopole Fractal Antenna for UWB Wireless Communication Networks

Debashish Pal

Department of ECE

Surendra Institute of Engineering and Management Siliguri, India

Abstract In this paper a compact monopole antenna for ultra wideband application is proposed with microstrip feed technique. Some slots are introduced in the patch of 10 X 10 mm. The antenna proposed is designed on an FR4 Epoxy substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1 mm. Theoretical investigations done by Ansoft Designer demonstrate that the frequency of operation is from 4.63 to 6.72 GHz with a resonant frequency of 5.27 GHz.

KeywordsMicrostrip Patch, Slot, Ultra Wide band, Return Loss, Microstrip Feed, Fractal Patch

  1. INTRODUCTION

    The basic structure of a patch antenna consists of a ground plane in the underside with a dielectric region separating the ground and the radiating patch. The electromagnetic waves fringes from the radiating patch into the substrate and are reflected by the ground plane into air.

    Microstrip patch antennas have various attractive features such as light weight, low profile, planar configuration, low cost, high efficiency, simple to fabricate and easy to integrate [1]. Ultra Wideband antennas have found a lot of important applications in military and commercial systems. For example the UWB antenna is widely used in radar systems due to its high speed data rate and immunity to multi-path interference [2]. Therefore these antennas find applications in wireless sensor networks and personal communication systems [3-5]. Antenna size can be reduced considerably by incorporating slots properly which allows the mending of the current paths [6]. Slots are introduced to tune the resonant frequency of antennas [7]. The slot loading technique is a simple and effective way to increase the bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas.

    In this paper a slot loaded ultra wideband fractal patch antenna [3] design has been proposed which overcomes the limitations of the conventional rectangular patch and which can be used for high speed data transfer in WLAN/PCS applications [5].

  2. ANTENNA DESIGN

    Fig 1: Microstrip line feed Patch Antenna

    The proposed antenna was designed on an inexpensive FR4 Epoxy substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1 mm which seperates the ground plane and the metallic patch. The microstrip line feed technique is used to feed the input signal [8]. Slots of various dimensions are used in the ground plane of 40 X 40 mm as well as the patch of 10 X 10 mm. In addition fractures at the ends of the patch were incorporated which is a space filling size reduction technique [3] that improves the performance of the antenna.

    Fig2: Proposed Patch Antenna

    The ground plane and the patch dimensions are labelled separately as shown in Fig. 3 and 4 respectively.

    Fig3: Ground Plane dimensions

    Fig4: Patch Antenna dimensions

    TABLE I: Dimensions of the Ground Plane and

    Sl.

    No.

    Ground Plane

    Dimensions

    Length

    (mm)

    Patch

    Dimensions

    Length

    (mm)

    1

    Wg

    40

    Wp

    10

    2

    Wg1

    29

    Wp1

    8

    3

    Wg2

    21

    Wp2

    6

    4

    Wg3

    20

    Wp3

    5

    5

    Wg4

    21

    Wp4

    1

    6

    Wg5

    13

    Lp

    10

    7

    Lg

    40

    Lp1

    7.5

    8

    Lg1

    34

    Lp2

    6.5

    9

    Lg2

    28

    Lp3

    2.5

    10

    Lg3

    16

    Lp4

    1.5

    11

    Lg4

    13

    Lp5

    15

    12

    Lg5

    9

    13

    Lg6

    6

    Patch

  3. RESULTS

    Return Loss vs. Frequency, VSWR, the Radiation Pattern and the 3D Gain Plots of the proposed antenna are shown. The proposed antenna has an upper cut off frequency (-10 dB frequency) at 6.72 GHz and a lower cut off frequency (-10 dB frequency) at 4.63 GHz with a resonant frequency of 5.27 GHz. Thus a wide bandwidth of 2.09 GHz is attained using this simple structure which is useful for ultra wideband applications.

    Fig 5: Return Loss Vs Frequency

    Fig 6: VSWR Vs Frequency

    Fig 7: Radiation Pattern of the Antenna

    Fig 8: 3D Gain Plots of the Antenna

  4. CONCLUSION

In this paper a compact monopole patch antenna has been designed which can be used for Ultra wideband WLAN applications. Ansoft Designer was employed for simulating the results. A large bandwidth is obtained by introducing slots in the ground plane and the fractal patch. It is expected that this antenna will find applications for high speed data transfer for wireless communication networks.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author would like to thank Prof. K.K.Ghosh, Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata for his constant support and encouragement.

REFERENCES

  1. D.M.Pozar, A Microstrip Antenna Aperture Coupled to a Microstrip Line, Electronics Letters, vol.21, N0.2, pp49-50, 1985

  2. Mohamad AKBARI, Jafar KHALILPOUR, Mojtaba MIGHANI, Marjan MARBOUTI , A New Microstrip Planar Antenna with Super Wide Bandwidth, International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences 7 (2): 43-47, 2013

  3. G. Monti, L. Catarinucci, and L. Tarricone, Compact Microstrip Antenna for RFID Applications, Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 8, 191-199, 2009

  4. Al-Husseini, M., Y. Tawk, A. El-Hajj, and K. Y. Kabalan, A low-cost microstrip antenna for 3G/WLAN/WiMAX and UWB applications, Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for Engineering Applications, 68-70, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, July 2009

  5. Liu, W.-C. and C.-F. Hsu, Dual-band CPW-fed Y-shaped Monopole Antenna for PCS/WLAN application, Electron. Lett., Vol. 41, 390- 391, 2005.

  6. Gobinda Sen, Tanumay Mandal, Susanta Mahato, Sourav Nandi, Partha Pratim Sarkar , Design and Analysis of a Compact Ultra Wide Band Coaxial Probe Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna, Special Issue of International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) 2012, pp. 18-20

  7. Maci S, Gentili G B & Avitaoile G, Single-layer dual frequency Patch Antenna, Electron Lett (UK), 29 (1993) 1441.

  8. Jung J, Choi W, Choi J. A small Wideband Microstrip fed Monopole Antenna. IEEE Microw Lett 2005; 15: 703705.

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