Design of Battery Energy Storage System for Generation of Solar Power

Design of Battery Energy Storage System for Generation of Solar Power

AbstractSolar power generation which depends upon environmental condition and time needed to back up the energy to maintain demand and generation . The output of a grid tied solar power generation which is a distributed resource can change very quickly. Solar power can be integrated into the grid by the help of Battery Energy Storage System .Real and reactive power can be absorbed and delivered by the photovoltaic systems with very few response times. PV modules and back up battery are connected to a DC link through DC-DC converter

Breaker

GRID

Transformer

Keywords Battery energy storage system overview, Charge controller, Solar cell and its application

1. INTRODUCTION

   Among all renewable energy resources, energy harvesting from the solar photovoltaic system is the most essential and suitable way. The major challenge now a days is to store the excess energy ,when the demand is low, and reuse this energy later or when needed. This energy can be stored in a Storage unit called Battery. Power from grid connected solar PV units is generated in the form of few KW to several MW. Grid connected solar PV dramatically changes the load profile of an electric utility customer . The widespread adoption of solar power generation posses significant challenges both in transient and steady state operation. This application is Valuable for both voltage and frequency regulation and also serving as a backup supply during system faults or unavailability of renewable energy.

2. BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM REVIEW:

   1. Basics of Energy Storage

      The one-line diagram of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is represented as follows. The BESS is connected to grid via circuit Breaker (CB) . A step down transformer is connected to reduces the voltage to the required

      Power conversion system

      level of voltage for the PCS (power Conversion System) . The four quadrant power conversion between the ac and dc system can be provided by the power conversion system (PCS). The status of the battery can be monitored by the BMS (Battery Management System) which is included by the protection and control of the battery.

   2. Storage for energy Integration:

      Electrical energy in an ac system cannot be stored directly.Energy can be stored by converting the ac into dc and storing it electromagnetically,electrochemically,kineically, or as potential energy.Energy storage technlogy usually includes a power conversion unit for conversion of energy.Energy storage depends upon two factors i.e. i) Amount of energy that can be stored in the device. ii) The rate at which energy can be transferred into or out of the storage device.The rating for energy is normally expressed in watt-hours (Wh).

   3. Battery Basics

      Higher cycling capabilities, increased in densities of energy storage, greater reliability and minimum vaue can be can be found from the advancement in Battery technlogy. BESS have emerged as one of the more promising technology in the field of power application, by offering a wide range of power system application i.e optimum shaving,spinning resrve and regulation of frequency. The unit of battery energy is Ampere-Hours (Ah).

   4. Application of Stored Energy:

      Design and decission of choosing the right battery for power to energy ratio is an important aspect for utility application. The power to the energy ratio of various batteries is an important aspect in the design and decission of choosing the right battery for utility application. Batteries which have a more power than ratings of energy or vice versa can be used for either power application or energy storage. By using wrong technology of battery results in a overall system damage and affecting the cost of the system.

      Different types of requirements in storage system include:

      • Ancillary works- It includes frequency regulation, operational reserve

      • Optimum shaving

      • Islanding

      • Different Renewables Integration- Managing wind solar variability , Ramp rate control.

      • Optimum shift, Large energy capacity

      • Part of a Microgrid

      • Long duration constraints- energy aaplication

      • Short duration constraints- Stability, Power application

   5. Battery Energy Storage system (BESS) and Solar Power Integration:

      A major goal of BESS is to achieve dispachability, such that the combined renewable energy and battery system appears to the grid like other conventional controllable resouce.

      Major Roles of Battery Storage System :

      • Load leveling

      • Mitigation of fluctuation caused by renewable energy

      • Enhancement of power quality

      • Emergency power supply

      • Voltage control in distributed network

   1. SOLAR CELL AND ITS APPLICATION :

      Solar photovoltaic energy is the most power energy which is mostly used in standalone system, plentily available and environment friendly.Photovoltaic cells which are made from solar panels are connected in parallel and series. Photovoltaic cells convert the solar energy in DC electric energy. In all stand alone hybrid systems battery technology plays a significant role.

      SIMULATION RESULT OF SOLAR CELL INTEGRATION

      III. CHARGE CONTROLLER

      The main use of charge controller is to protect the battery and to clarify that battery has a long working life without disturbing the system efficiency. Overcharging is not allowed in battery. The main function of charge controller is to ensure that the battery is not overharged.

      RESULT:

   2. BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (BESS) IN PV SYSTEM:

      Distributed generation (DG) system which is integrated into the renewable energy into the grid involves interfacing through power electronic converters and energy storage device. Both utility scale and in small scale application require Energy storage systems.

      SIMULATION RESULT OF DC-DC CONVERTER WITH PID CONTROLLER

      Switching mode DC-DC converters are of 3 types.i.e Buck converter, Boost converter,Buck-Boost converter. The output voltage can be reduced by the Buck converter. The output voltage can be increased by the Boost converter. In Buck-Boost mode, the voltage is balanced but in opposite polarity.Here we use BUCK Converter.

      C = ic-vc/R-io

      uv -v

      L = in c

      Where io is the load current

      The overall model is represented by the equation :

      CONVERTER WITH PID CONTROLLER SIMULATION

      RESULT:

      C = + (il-vc/R-io)

      uv

      L = in –

      -(Rl+

      )il+

      +

      Vo= + (il-io)

      +

      +

      + +

      MODELLING OF BUCK- BOOST CONVERTER:

      RESULT: 1

      RESULT-2 (DURING STEADY STATE CONDITION)

      OPERATION OF INTERATED CIRCUIT:

      Filt er

      DC AC

      Inver ter

      DC/D C

      Conv erter

      ansfor	mer
      Power Grid

      PV Array Tr

      Energy Storage

      The system can be divided in three main parts which are to be considered; these are the PV panels, the power electronics and the control system. The PV panels are the point of power input and the main emphasis will be on how to extract the maximum power from the panels at any time through power

      conditioning by the power electronics stage. This stage includes the DC-DC converter, the DC link and the inverter. The Dc-Dc converter is responsible for Maximum Power Point Tracking,while the inverter is keeping the DC link voltage on a constant level. The DC link is decoupling each of the converter stages and its purpose is to act as an energy storage element and filter. To obtain a stable system operation the voltage in the system need to be monitored and controlled. This is accomplished by implementing a control system through digital signal processing

      MODELLING OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT:

      RESULT:

   3. CONCLUSION:

      Due to the modernisation being made in battery chemistry i.e installation, design and integration services on to the grid so the oppotunities for battery seems to be more high.The main objective of this paper is operation and control of battery energy storage system,inproving system stability,reliability,economy and system overall efficiency.The main motivation of this paper is to design the control and operation strategies of BESS to mitigate the negative impacts of PV integration.The main things to do in this paper is to modelling battery,power factor correction,Ac sysnchronisation and inverter designing. Due to continuous increase ofrenewable resouces and the installation of grid, energy storage system has potential to help the next generation smart grid.

   4. REFERENCES:

      1. Cody A. Hill, Matthew Clayton Such, Dongmei Chen, Juan Gonzalez, W. Mack Grady Battery Energy Storage for Enabling Integration of Distributed Solar Power Generation IEEE transactions on smart grid, vol. 3, no. 2, june 2012.

      2. Nicholas Miller, Devon Manz , JJim Roedel , Paul Marken , Erik Kronbeck ,IEEE memberUtility Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems .

      3. R. Yokoyama, Y. Hida, K. Koyanagi, K. Iba, Student member IEEE,The Role of Battery Systems and Expandable Distribution Networks for Smarter Grid.

      4. Cody Hill, Dongmei Chen Member, Development of a Real- Time Testing Environment for Battery Energy Storage Systems in Renewable Energy Applications.

      5. M.Z. Daud A. Mohamed , M.Z Che Wanik , M.A. Hannan,Performance Evaluation of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System with Battery Energy Storage 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon).

      6. Matthew T. Lawder, Bharatkumar Suthar, Paul W. C. Northrop, Sumitava De, C. Michael Hoff, Olivia Leitermann, Member IEEE, Mariesa L. Crow, Fellow IEEE, Shriram Santhanagopalan, and Venkat R. Subramanian Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and Battery Management System (BMS) for Grid-Scale Applications Proceedings of the IEEE | Vol. 102, No. 6, June 2014.

      7. Aparna Pachori and Payal Suhane Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Power Generation System International journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computer Engineering.

   5. BIBILOGRAPHY

Debasreeta Mohanty is a research scholar of Power And Energy System at KIIT University in the school of Electrical Engineering, Bhubaneswar. Her research area includes solar PV, Hybrid sytem,Power system transient analysis.

Saswati Dash is a research scholar of Power And Energy system at KIIT University in the school of Electrical Engineering,Bhubaneswar. Her research

area includes Solar PV, Hybrid System, Power system transient analysis.

Mrs. Shobha Agarwal is an Assistant professor in the school of Electrical Engineering of KIITUniversity, Bhubaneswar. She received her M.tech degree from IIT Delhi. Her research area includes Electrical Machine, Power Electronics and Electricaldrives.