Delay Analysis

Delay Analysis

Deepa Joy

Kerala Technical University

Cochin college of Engineering and Technology Valanchery, Malappuram, Kerala-676552, India

Sreechithra P

Kerala Technical University

Cochin college of Engineering and Technology Valanchery, Malappuram, Kerala-676552, India

AbstractThe objective of this study is to identify the major causes and effects of construction delays. This study is done based on literature review and a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was formed based on the 32 factors and 9 effects of delay, targeting the contractors. The Likerts scale of five ordinal measures is used in this survey. The level of importance of each factor and effect of delays is established by computing Relative Importance Indices (RII).The analysis is made using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Software.

Keywords Delay factors, Delay effects, RII, SPSS

1. INTRODUCTION

   Delay is the slowing down of work without entirely stopping construction and can lead to time overrun either beyond the contract date or beyond the date that the parties have agreed upon for the delivery of the project. Delays can be classified into non-excusable delays, excusable non compensable delays, excusable compensable delays and concurrent delays.

   Non-excusable delays are delays which the contractor either causes or assumes the risk for. Excusable non-compensable delays are delays caused by factors that are not foreseeable, beyond the contractor's reasonable control and not attributable to the contractor's fault or negligence.

   Compensable excusable delays are excusable delays, suspensions, or interruptions to all or part of the work caused by an act or failure to act by the owner resulting from owner's breach of an obligation, stated or implied, in the contract. Concurrent delays occur when both owner as well as the contractor are responsible for the delay.

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

   The contractor and the owner pay for the extra charge for the completion of the project due to delay. When the completion time of the construction project exceeds, it is known as construction project delay. It is needed to conduct detailed investigation and identification of delay factors, selecting the right actions to counter these delay factors within cost and maintaining quality.

3. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES

   • Reduce delays in road projects

   • Reduce the effects of factors that cause delays.

   • Timely completion of project.

   • Reduce cost overruns.

   • Leads to proper planning of projects regarding time.

   • Construction of Delay Model.

4. OUTLINE OF THE THESIS Chapter 1: Introduction

   Time delay is one of the biggest problem in many construction projects all over India. Timely completion is the key factor of the project, but the construction process is subject to many variables and unpredictable factors.

   Chapter 2: Literature Review

   Literature survey is carried out for identifying factors and effects that causes delays in construction industry and are also responsible for the harmful effects on projects.

   Chapter 3: Research Methodology

   Fig 1. Methodology

   Chapter 4: Result and Discussion

   The causes and effects of construction delays were ranked by using relative important index. The important causes of delays are fluctuation of prices and bad weather conditions. The important effects of delay are cost overrun and loss of profit by the contractor.

   Chapter 5: Conclusions

5. DATA ANALYSIS

   The causes and effects of dealy obtained by survey were examined and werw ranked on the basis of Relative Importance Index (RII).

   The relative importance index is given as:

   (1)

   n1 = respondents answered strongly disagree n2 = respondents answered disagree

   n3 = respondents answered neutral n4 = respondents answered agree

   n5 = respondents answered strongly agree

6. RESULTS

   The response of contractors were analysed based on their relative importance index. The relative importance index and ranks of factors and effects of delay are given in Figure 1 and 2.Fluctuation of prices was ranked as the most influential cause of delay with a relative importance index (RII) of 0.92. They also identified Cost overrun as the most critical effect of delay with a relative importance index of 0.854.

   Coefficients		Standard Error	t Stat	P-value
   Intercept	3.6016129	0.33690437	10.69031	9.45E-12
   	03	3
   factors(x)	–	0.01781839	-1.36601	0.182088
   	0.0243401	7
   	76

   Table 1: Coefficients for delay factors

   (3)

   Fig 2. RII of Delay factors

   Fig 3. RII of Delay effects

7. DELAY MODELLING

   Linear regression try to model the relationship between two variables by fitting a linear equation to observed data. One variable is considered to be an explanatory variable, and the other is considered to be a dependent variable.

   A linear regression line has an equation of the form

   Y = a + bX, (2)

   Where,

   X is the explanatory variable Y is the dependent variable b is the slope of the line

   a is the y-intercept ,

   a and b can be found using equation

   Table 2: Coefficients for delayeffects

   Coefficients		Standard Error	t Stat	P-value
   Intercept	2.713	1.007453	0.025148	0.980553
   values(y)	0.134	0.098851	14.89986	4.06E-07

   Regression equation for delay factors by manual computation is as follows

   y=3.602-0.0243x (4)

   Similarly, Regression equation for delay effects is

   y=2.713+0.134x (5)

8. CONCLUSION

It is found that fluctuation of prices is the most important delay factor while cost overrun is the important effect of delay.

REFERENCES

1. Zetta R. Kamandang, Jyh-Bin Yang, and Indradi Wijatmiko (2017) "An Empirical Study on Analyzing Schedule Delays of Construction Project in Indonesia", 34th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2017).

2. Benjamin Boahene Akomah, Emmanuel Nana Jackson (2016) Contractors Perception of Factors Contributing to Road Project Delay, International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2016, 5(3): 79-85.

3. Djoen San Santoso, Ph.D.; and Sothy Soeng (2016)"Analyzing Delays of Road Construction Projects in Cambodia: Causes and Effects", Journal of Management in Engineering, ASCE, ISSN 0742-597X.

4. Ghada Taha, Mohamed Badawy, Omar El-Nawawy (march 2016)"A Model for Evaluation of Delays in Construction Projects" International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 3.

5. David-John Gibbs; Wayne Lord; Stephen Emmitt; and Kirti Ruikar (2016) "Interactive Exhibit to Assist with Understanding Project Delays", Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resoltion in Engineering and Construction, ASCE.