Behaviour of Concrete with Jute as a Fibre

Behaviour of Concrete with Jute as a Fibre

Rakesh Kumar Saini, Bhanu Sharma, Sapna Meena, Himanshu Meena

Department of Civil Engineering Poornima Group of Institutions, Jaipur

Abstract – Concrete is a complex material sensible of aggregate bonded together with fluid cement which hardens over time. It carries a high compressive strength. It is a corrosion resistance material and atmospheric agent has no approachable effect on it. In present scenario concrete is widely used in construction work but as the time passes the cracks may arises due to some reason like expansion and contraction of concrete with temperature effect. In order to reduce cracks we provide jute fiber in concrete mixture which is a cheapest vegetable fiber produced from the skin of the plants. It increases the tensile strength of the concrete.

Keywords: Jute Fiber, Concrete, Admixtures

1. INTRODUCTION

   Jute is a vast fibre that is used for sacking, burlap, and twine as a backing material for tufted carpets. It is a long, soft, shiny fibre that can be twist into coarse, strong threads. It is one of the cheapest natural fibres. It is composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose, lignin, and pectin. Both the fibre and the plant from which it comes are generally called jute. It is a lightly woven fabric made from natural fibres that is used for soil erosion control, seed conservation, weed control, and many other agricultural and landscaping uses. Thus, jute is the most environment-friendly fibre starting from the seed to expired fibre, as the expired fibres can be recycled more than once.

2. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

   Jute fibre is 100% bio-degradable and recyclable and thus environmental friendly. Jute is a natural fibre with golden and silky shine and hence called The Golden Fibre. Jute is the one of the most inexpensive vegetable fibre solicit from the vast or skin of the plant's stem. It is the second most essential vegetable fibre after cotton, in terms of usage, global consumption, production, and availability. It has high tensile strength, low resilience, and ensures better breathability of fabrics. Therefore, jute is mostly suitable in agricultural material bulk packaging. It helps to make the best quality industrial yarn, fabric, net, and sacks. It is one of the most accomplished natural fibres that has been used in raw materials for packaging, textiles, non-textile, construction, and agricultural sectors. Bulking of yarn results in a abridged breaking tenacity and an increased breaking extensibility when merge as a ternary blend [1].

3. FACTOR AFFECTING PROPERTIES

   1. Staple Length

      Longer staple cotton gives high strength and this is true even in case of synthetic staple fibre such as nylon. Low twist factors will give burly yarn is case of longest fibre.

   2. Fibre Fineness

      Fine fibre gives strong yarn correlated to coarse fibres which are whirl into same given count of yarn. This is due to the fact that more number of fibres in the cross-section and also expanded internal friction provided by the higher number of fibres in the cross section of the yarn. Hence the result is superior to yarn strength.

   3. Fibre Stength

      Reasonably speaking fine fibre result in providing strong yarn. In the Case of cotton fibre, fibres will have abiding length and hence more number of fine fibre can be achieve in the same cross-section and such as strength of individual fibre is of no significance. Therefore yarn strength is the strength.

   4. TWIST

      For a single spun yarn, enhancement in twist gives a higher strength up to a certain limit and any twist than this optimum will reduced the strength. The amount of twist for superlative strength depends on the twist angle and for any given fibre the twist angle for maximum strength remains constant over a range of yarns.

   5. Evenness

      Evenness in the yarn or uniformity in the spun yarn influences the yarn strength. Greater uniformity shows increase in strength and uneven yarn will show rebate in strength. Investigation has proved that there is a very close relationship between yarn strength and yarn evenness.

   6. Fibre Length Variation And Distribution

      Fibre length variation and distribution will also cause the variation. When spinning cotton, containing more number of short fibres, the resultant yarn will have lower strength. The presence of short fibres, the resultant yarn will have lower strength. The existence of short fibres influence, to a very great extent, the yarn strength. Therefore limitations have to be introduced while mixing such fibres [3].

   7. Fibre Finish

      The man-made fibres, especially synthetic fibres, are treated with several chemicals to change the processing character. The type and amount of chemicals will have a definite influence on the strength properties of yarn and also on the preparing characteristics of staple fibres

   8. General Factors

   There are many other variables which also affect the strength property of yarn. The chemical treatment were given to the yarn after spinning such as sizing etc will either increase the strength or reduced the strength. Some of the chemicals consequence the material and there will be loss in strength [2]. Apart from this chemical treatment, the position of individual fibres in the characteristic yarn will also affect the tensile property since the building up of a spun yarn is a backlash factor of drafting and twisting.

   The curve is dynamic property. The curve in the yarn is maintain only when the dynamic balance also control the tensile property. Properties affected by many factors, such as geometry, form and surface characteristics of fibres, properties of matrix, mix design, mixing and placing methods, and casting and curing techniques. In general, the mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties and durability of Jute are functions of length, volume fraction, and aspect ratio of the fibres, actions of fibres and combining materials, and casting pressure. Performance of Jute is very much improved by the production process and quality control. As in ordinary fibre reinforced concrete, the jute fibres act as crack-arresters that restrict the advancement of flaws in the cement matrix. The uniform dispersion of fibres in the brittle matrix offers advancement in many of the engineering properties such as fracture, tensile and flexural strengths, toughness, fatigue and impact defiance of the composite.

4. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS

   APPLICATIONS

   Jute is generally used to make cloth for enclose bundle of raw cotton, and to make sacks and coarse cloth. The fibres are also woven into curtains, chair housing, carpets, area rugs, hessian cloth, and backing for linoleum. While jute is being recovered by synthetic materials in many of these uses, some uses take benefit of jute's biodegradable nature, where synthetics would be deficient. Jute stump the coarse ends of the plants, are used to make cheap cloth. Habitually jute was used in conventional textile machineries as textile fibres having cellulose (vegetable fibre content) and lignin (wood fibre content). But, the major increment came when the automobile, pulp and paper, and the furniture and bedding industries started to use jute and its connected fibres with their

   non-woven and composite automation to manufacture nonwovens, technical textiles, and blended. Jute can be used to create a number of fabrics such as. Manifold jute products are becoming more and more valuable to the consumer today. Concrete with Jute fibre used as a roofing and ceiling, and as wall panels for the construction of economical-cost housing. Their special acceptance includes applications where energy absorption is the primary need or where impact damage is likely to occur such as shatter and earthquake resistant construction. Other appropriate applications include rafts and beams for cellular foundation, pavements, slabs and various types of shell structures. All potential applications of concrete with Jute fibre depend, of course, on the ability of the designers and the builders taking advantage of the static and dynamic strength parameters, energy-absorbing characteristics, material performance properties, acoustic and thermal behaviour [4].

   Table1: Compressive strength of Jute fibre Concrete

   Fibre Length (mm)	Mix %	Compressive strength(N/mm2)
   		3 days	7 days	28 day
   L= 10	0.5	8	13.2	19.1
   L=15	1.0	8.5	14.8	18.7
   L=20	2.0	8.2	14.2	19.2

5. CONCLUSION

Use of Jute fibre may help to a great extent in providing low- cost housing in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region like Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia and Thailand where jute fibres are amply available. It requires only a low degree of industrialization and a small number of competent workers. The use of such building materials is particularly engaging to these countries because of their deficit of central and skilled manpower. This will also avert exhausting of hard-earned foreign swap and ease unemployment complications.

REFERNCES

1. MANSUR, M.A. and AZIZ, M.A., A Study of Jute Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites. International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete, England, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 75-85, 1982.

2. AZIZ, M.A., PARAMASIVAM, P. and LEE, S.L., Chapter on "Concrete with Natural Fibers" in the book entitled New Reinforced Concretes, edited by R.N. Swamy, Int. Textbook Co., Glasgow, pp. 106- 140, 1984.

3. AZIZ, M.A., PARAMASIVAM, P. and LEE, S.L., Natural Fiber Reinforced Concretes in Low-cost Housing Construction. International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 267-278, 1987.

4. 4. GRAM, H.E., Durability of Natural Fibers in Concrete. Swedish Cement and Concrete Research In stitute, Report No. 1, Stockholm, 1