Automatic Lpg Gas Leakage Detection and Cut-off System

Automatic Lpg Gas Leakage Detection and Cut-off System

Published by : http://www.ijert.org

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

Vol. 13 Issue 4, April 2024

ABSTRACT:

The Automatic LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Cut-off System represents a pivotal advancement in household safety measures. Traditionally, gas cylinders are ubiquitous in households, necessitating robust safety protocols. The conventional approach typically involves employing a basic toxic gas sensor coupled with an alarm system. However, with the integration of IoT technology, our system revolutionizes safety standards.

By incorporating advanced gas sensors and an embedded cut-off function, our system offers enhanced protection against potential gas leaks. Upon detecting even the slightest trace of gas leakage, the system swiftly activates a shutoff mechanism to prevent escalation. This proactive approach significantly reduces the risk of accidents and potential harm. Moreover, the seamless integration with IoT facilitates real-time communication. Instant alert messages are sent to connected mobile devices, enabling users to promptly respond to gas hazards remotely. This feature not only enhances user convenience but also ensures rapid intervention, thereby minimizing the likelihood of accidents or property damage.

Overall, the convergence of IoT technology and safety features in our system marks a significant milestone in household safety. By providing real- time awareness and control over gas-related incidents, our solution sets a new standard for proactive gas leakage detection and emergency response systems.

INTRODUCTION

The proliferation of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) cylinders in household and industrial settings underscores the critical importance of safety measures against potential gas leaks. Traditional gas leakage detection systems, relying solely on general toxic gas sensors and alarm systems, often lack the efficiency and immediacy required to mitigate risks effectively. However, with the advent of IoT (Internet of Things) technology, a paradigm shift is underway in gas leak detection and response mechanisms.The Automatic LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Cut-off System represents a groundbreaking advancement in gas safety protocols. By integrating IoT capabilities, this system not only detects gas leaks but also swiftly activates a cut-off mechanism in the event of a detected leak. This proactive approach significantly reduces the likelihood of gas-related accidents and minimizes potential damages.

Furthermore, the incorporation of IoT technology enables seamless communication between the gas detection system and connected mobile devices. Instant alert messages are dispatched to users, providing real-time notifications of gas leaks and facilitating prompt response measures, even from remote locations. This level of interconnectedness and responsiveness fundamentally transforms the way we perceive and manage gas-related incidents. In essence, the convergence of IoT technology and safety features in the Automatic LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Cut-off System heralds a new era in gas safety protocols.

OBJECTIVES

The goal of the Automatic LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Cut-off System project is to revolutionize gas safety using IoT technology. It addresses limitations in current detection systems by enhancing proactive leak detection and immediate response. Specific objectives include developing a robust detection system for accurate identification of LPG leaks and implementing an automatic cut-off mechanism. Seamless communication with mobile devices enables real-time alerts for prompt action, aiming to ensure safety across households, businesses, and industries. This project aims to set a new standard for gas safety protocols, empowering users with enhanced awareness and control.

1. Enhance Safety: The primary objective of the Automatic LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Cut-off System is to significantly improve safety measures in households and industrial settings by promptly detecting gas leaks and activating a cut-off mechanism to prevent potential accidents and hazards.

2. Minimize Risks: By leveraging IoT technology, the system aims to minimize the risks associated with gas leaks by providing real-time detection and immediate response capabilities, thereby reducing the likelihood of fire outbreaks, explosions, and other gas-related incidents.

3. Enable Remote Monitoring: Another key objective is to enable remote monitoring of gas leakage situations through the integration of IoT-enabled communication. This allows users to receive instant alert messages on their mobile devices, regardless of their location, empowering them to take necessary actions promptly.

4. Ensure Proactive Response: The project aims to foster a proactive approach towards gas safety by equipping users with the tools and information needed to respond swiftly to potential gas leaks. By enhancing awareness and facilitating quick decision-making, the system helps prevent or mitigate the consequences of gas-related emergencies.

5. Optimize Efficiency: Additionally, the project seeks to optimize the efficiency of gas leak detection and response processes by automating cut-off mechanisms and streamlining communication channels. This not only improves overall safety but also reduces the time and effort required to address gas-related incidents effectively.

6. Facilitate Compliance: Finally, the system aims to facilitate compliance with regulatory standards and safety guidelines related to gas usage and handling. By implementing advanced detection and cut-off features, it ensures that users meet or exceed the necessary safety requirements, thus enhancing overall regulatory compliance.

EXISTING SYSTEM

A Gas Sensors: Traditional gas sensors, such as the MQ- 2, are commonly utilized to detect various gases like methane, propane, and carbon monoxide. Operating on principles like catalytic combustion or semiconductor conductivity, these sensors trigger responses upon gas interaction, signal gas presence. Audible and Visual

Alarms: In tandem with gas sensors, audible and visual alarms are employed to alert occupants to gas leaks. These immediate warnings prompt evacuation and precautionary measures. While these techniques meet safety standards and effectively mitigate risks in various settings, they have limitations. False alarms may occur due to the sensor's sensitivity to other gases, making identification challenging. Additionally, remote monitoring from any isn't feasible.

PROPOSED TECHNIQUE:

Gas Sensor Selection: Utilize MQ-6 gas sensors capable of detecting household-relevant gases like methane and propane. Consider factors such as sensitivity and response time for optimal sensor placement. Automatic Cut-off Mechanism: Implement an automatic shutoff mechanism upon gas leak detection. This involves controlling gas pipeline regulators using a motor driver connected to a microcontroller. Web Application: Develop a web application for real-time gas monitoring, system status updates, and alerts. Enable users to configure alarm thresholds, receive notifications, and remotely control the system. High sensitivity to LPG and natural gas ensures faster response times. Autonomous Operation: Enable the detector to operate autonomously with the automatic cut- off mechanism, ensuring continuous monitoring and safety. Instant alert messages notify users of gas leaks promptly.

METHODOLOGY

In this gas leak detection system setup, the MQ6 sensor is interfaced with an Arduino Uno, which monitors gas concentrations and activates when a predefined threshold is exceeded. Upon detection, the Arduino communicates with an ESP32 to dispatch alert messages, leveraging its network capabilities for broader dissemination.

Servo Motor

ESP 32

MQ-6

sensor

Simultaneously, the ESP32 commands a servo motor to actuate, shutting off the gas supply as a safety precaution. This integrated approach ensures swift detection, communication of hazards, and timely response, enhancing overall safety measures.

Figure 1 Overview of Gas Leak Detection Module

COMPONENTS OF HARDWARE

1. MQ-6 Sensor:

   The MQ-6 is a gas sensor commonly used for detecting flammable gases, particularly liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), propane, and butane. It operates on the principle of semiconductor conductivity, where the resistance of the sensor changes when it comes into contact with the target gas molecules.

   Key features of the MQ-6 sensor include its high sensitivity to LPG and other flammable gases, fast response time, and wide detection range. It is typically composed of a sensing element, heater coil, and electrodes. The sensor requires a stable power supply and a preheating period before accurate readings can be obtained. Due to its sensitivity and reliability, the MQ-6 sensor is commonly integrated into gas detection systems for various applications such as household gas leak alarms, industrial safety systems, and automotive gas detection. However, it's important to note that the MQ-6 sensor may also respond to other gases, so proper calibration and interpretation of readings are necessary for accurate gas detection. The MQ-6 is a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) type gas sensor commonly used to detect Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), also known as propane, and butane gas concentrations in the air.

   Figure 2: MQ-6

   • High Sensitivity to LPG: The MQ-6 sensor is particularly sensitive to LPG, making it ideal for applications like leak detection in homes and workplaces that use LPG for cooking.

   • Simple Design and Low Cost: The sensor has a straightforward design and is relatively inexpensive, making it accessible for hobbyists and DIY projects.

   • Easy to Use: The sensor provides an analog voltage output that corresponds to the concentration of gas detected. This output can be easily read by a microcontroller or other device for further processing and triggering alarms.

     Figure 3: MQ-6(Backside Component)

     The MQ-3 is a type of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor commonly used to detect ethanol (alcohol) concentrations in air. It works similarly to the MQ-6 LPG gas sensor you just asked about. Here are the key components of the circuit board labeled in the image:

     • MQ-3 Sensor: This is the main gas sensing element, which is responsible for detecting the presence of alcohol.

     • Power LED (LED1): This LED ligts up when the sensor is powered on.

     • Output LED (DOUT LED): This LED indicates the digital output state of the sensor. It will typically be high (on) when the alcohol concentration exceeds a certain threshold.

     • Potentiometer: This adjustable knob allows you to calibrate the sensor's sensitivity by adjusting the threshold level for the digital output.

     • Analog Output (AO): This pin provides an analog voltage output signal that corresponds to the concentration of alcohol detected by the sensor. Higher voltage indicates a higher concentration of alcohol.

     • Digital Output (DO): This pin provides a digital output signal that goes high (on) when the alcohol concentration exceeds the threshold level set by the potentiometer.

     • Comparator IC: This integrated circuit compares the analog voltage signal from the sensor with a reference voltage set by the potentiometer. It then outputs a digital signal based on the comparison.

     The circuit board also includes voltage (VCC) and ground (GND) connections for powering the sensor module.

2. Arduino Uno (MC):

   The Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller (MC) board widely used in electronics projects and prototyping. It features an Atmega328P microcontroller at its core, offering a versatile platform for creating interactive and programmable projects. With its user-friendly interface and extensive community support, the Arduino Uno is an ideal choice for beginners and experienced developers alike.

   Equipped with a variety of digital and analog input/output pins, the Uno allows for easy interfacing with sensors,

   actuators, and other electronic components. Its onboard USB interface facilitates programming and communication with a computer, making it straightforward to upload code and debug projects.

   The Arduino Uno is compatible with the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), a user-friendly software tool for writing, compiling, and uploading code to the board. Its open- source nature

   From simple LED blink projects to more complex robotics and IoT applications, the Arduino Uno's versatility and accessibility make it a go-to choice for hobbyists, educators, and professionals alike, empowering users to bring their ideas to life with ease.

   Figure 4 : Arduino Uno (MC)

   Arduino Uno Rev3 board [1]. It is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P chip and is a popular choice for beginners due to its ease of use and wide range of capabilities.

   The text on the board itself doesn't provide any specific details about the project it might be used for. However, Arduino Uno boards are versatile and can be used for a variety of projects, including:

   • Learning electronics and coding: Arduino Uno is a popular platform for learning electronics and coding, especially for beginners. There are many tutorials and projects available online that can help you get started.

   • Controlling lights, LEDs, and motors: Arduino Uno can be used to control various electronic components, such as lights, LEDs, and motors. This makes it a great platform for creating interactie projects.

   • Reading sensors: Arduino Uno can be connected to various sensors to read data from the environment.

   • Home automation projects: Arduino Uno can be used to create home automation projects, such as controlling lights, thermostats, and other appliances.

   • Building robots: Arduino Uno is a popular choice for building robots. It can be used to control the robot's movement, sensors, and actuators.

   Overall, the Arduino Uno is a versatile board that can be used for a wide variety of projects. The specific project that the board in the image is being used for is impossible to say without more information.

3. ESP 32 Wi-Fi Module

   The ESP32 series of systems on a chip microcontroller is low cost and has embedded Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. Tensilica Xtensa LX6 dual-core or single-core, Tensilica Xtensa LX7 dual-core, or a solitary RISC-V CPU are utilised in the ESP32 series, which also detailed integrated antennae switching, RF baluns, op – amps, low- noise receiving power amplifier, filters, and power- management modules. The ESP32 was created and built by the Shanghai-based Chinese company Express id Systems, and it is manufactured by TSMC utilizing their

   40 nm process. It is a substitute for the ESP8266 microcontroller.

   Programming languages, frameworks, platforms, and environments used for ESP32 programming:

   Figure 5: ESP 32 Wi-Fi Module

   The ESP8266 launched a mini-revolution by putting Wi- Fi in a portable, affordable device with sufficient computing power. The ESP32 Development Board with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, according to Express id, is a potent, target a broad spectrum of uses, ranging low-power sensing devices to the most difficult tasks like speech decoding, streaming music. General Wi-Fi -BT-BLE MCU module. The ESP32 Node MCU Development Board with Wi-Fi the most recent ESP-WROOM-32 module powers Bluetooth, a small, minimalist system development.

4. Servo Motor

A servo motor is a rotary actuator that allows precise control of angular position, velocity, and acceleration. It consists of a motor coupled with a feedback device, typically a potentiometer or an encoder, which provides information about the motor's current position. This feedback mechanism enables the servo motor to accurately maintain or move to a specified position.

Servo motors are widely used in various applications, including robotics, industrial automation, RC (remote control) vehicles, and CNC (computer numerical control) machinery. Their precise control and ability to maintain position make them ideal for tasks requiring accurate positioning or continuous rotation at specific angles.

One of the key features of servo motors is their ability to operate in a closed-loop control system, where the feedback signal is continuously compared to the desired

position or speed, allowing for real-time adjustments to achieve precise motion control. This makes servo motors highly reliable and versatile for a wide range of applications.

Servo motors come in different sizes and torque ratings, allowing for flexibility in design and application. They are often controlled using pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals, where the width of the pulse determines the desired position or speed of the motor. Additionally, advanced servo motor systems may incorporate features such as torque limiting, speed ramping, and position profiling to further enhance performance and efficiency.

For the gas leakage detection and cutoff system project, a servo motor component may be needed for implementing the automatic cutoff mechanism. Here's how it can be utilized:

1. Automatic Cutoff Mechanism : The servo motor can be employed to control the gas pipeline regulators. When a gas leak is detected by the sensors, the microcontroller can send a signal to the servo motor to actuate the cutoff mechanism, shutting off the gas supply. This ensures immediate response to mitigate the risk of potential accidents due to gas leakage.

2. Remote Control Activation: Additionally, the servo motor can enable remote control activation of the cutoff

   mechanism through the web application.

3. Integration with Feedback Mechanism: Integrating the servo motor with a feedback mechanism, such as a position sensor or limit switch, ensures accurate positioning of the gas pipeline regulators. This feedback loop ensures precise control over the cutoff process, enhancing the reliability and effectiveness of the system.

Figure 6: Servo Motor

The servo motor provides precise control over the movement of the regulators, allowing for accurate cutoff of the gas supply in the event of a detected leak. By coupling the servo motor with the microcontroller, the

system can automate the shutoff process, enhancing safety measures and minimizing the risk of gas-related incidents. Additionally, the servo motor can be controlled remotely through the web application, enabling users to activate the cutoff mechanism from any location with internet connectivity. This ensures swift response to gas leaks and provides users with greater control over the safety of their premises.

Overall, the servo motor component plays a crucial role in the automatic cutoff mechanism of the gas leakage detection system, contributing to the objective of enhancing safety and mitigating risks associated with gas leaks.

CONCLUSION

The Automatic LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Cutoff System represents a significant advancement in gas safety technology, leveraging IoT integration and advanced hardware components to enhance safety measures in households and industrial settings. By utilizing MQ-6 gas sensors for accurate detection of flammable gases and implementing an automatic cutoff mechanism controlled by a servo motor, the system ensures swift response to gas leakage events, minimizing the risk of potential accidents and hazards.

The integration of a web application provides users with real-time monitoring of gas levels, system status, and alerts, enabling proactive response and remote control capabilities. Furthermore, the system's compliance with regulatory standards ensures adherence to safety guidelines, enhancing overall safety and regulatory compliance.

In conclusion, the Automatic LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Cutoff System offers an effective solution for proactive gas safety, providing users with the tools and technology needed to mitigate the risks associated with gas leaks and ensure the safety of occupants and assets

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