A Tap Water Quality Assessment of Seven Places in Dehradun

A Tap Water Quality Assessment of Seven Places in Dehradun

Muchkund Pant Department of Civil Engineering, Uttranchal University, Dehradun

Vinay Purohit

Department of Civil Engineering,

Tula institute, Uttrakhand Technical University

Abstract:- Water is very important for the survival of human beings. But the rapid industrialisation and increasing level of pollutants in water resources has degraded the water quality. Water carries with it, different constituents such as gases, ions, organic and inorganic compounds when the amount of these constituents increase from their desired levels, it pollutes the water and make it unfit for human consumptions. As the amount of potable water is very less in earth, it is an uphill task to provide the safe drinking water to everyone. The present study is about the water quality assessment of seven places in Dehradun. Various tests were conducted to check the water quality of seven places. The pH, hardness, total dissolve solids, chloride content, and dissolve oxygen was within the permissible limits and acceptable limits at maximum places.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Dehradun is a capital of uttarakhand. Doon valley is surrounded by the hills of Mussoorie. The latitude of Dehradun is 30.318 N and longitude 78.029 E. The main source of water in Dehradun is Tons and some other perennial rivers, which flows at the outer periphery of city. The rapid increase in the population of city has increased the water demand. In summers the water demand reaches in its peaks. This is the main challenge in front of water department of city to provide the clean drinking water to the city inhabitants. Most of the people in city are dependent on tap water for full filling in their daily water requirement. To check the suitability of water, various tests are performed in the water. Some of the name of these tests are: PH test, total dissolve solids, turbidity, alkinity, chloride taste and odour, hardness etc. IS10500:2012 provides the drinking water specifications to check the suitability of water for drinking purposes. PH test used to determine the acidity or basicity of water. This scale varies from 0 to

1. Total dissolve solids in water is the combination of suspended solids and dissolve solids. It has a psychological effect and makes the water aesthetically displeasing. Turbidity is the measure of extent to which light either absorbed or scattered by water sample. Alkalinity is the measure of quantity of ions present in the water that are capable of neutralising the hydronium ion. Hardness is the concentration of multivalent cations present in water. Chloride content signifies the pollution due to industrial waste and sewage. The taste and odour in water comes from dissolve gases, dissolve organic matter, and inorganic salts.

   2.0 METHODOLOGY

   Methodology involves following steps:

   1. Collection of water samples: The tap water samples were collected from the seven different locations in Dehradun. The names of these places are as follow: UIT, Premnagar, Ballupur, Balliwala, ISBT, Clement Town, Clock Tower.

   2. Testing of water samples: Various tests were performed on tap water samples which were taken. The tests were PH, Hardness, dissolve oxygen, Total dissolve solids, chloride ion test.

   3. Permissible limits according IS 10500-2012: The permissible limits of the different tests for the water quality tests are as follow:

Table 2.1 Limits of different tests for the water quality tests

3.0 OBSERVATION OF TESTS CONDUCTED:

The observation table of different tests, which were conducted on the different tap water samples are as follow:

Talbe 3.1 Observation table of different tests

4.0 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

We can draw following conclusion from the above observation table:

1. PH value: The PH value of the seven places lies in between 6.5 to 7.5. The Highest PH value was obtained in the sample of Ballupur area 7.5. The minimum PH value was obtained around 6.24 at ISBT. The acceptable PH value is 6.5 to 8.5. All the values of PH are within the acceptable limits. The graph showing variation of PH at different places are as follow:

   pH value at seven places in Dehradun

   8

   7

   6

   5

   PH

   PH

   4

   3

   2

   1

   0

   UIT Premnagar Ballupur Balliwala ISBT Clement

   Town

   Clock Tower

   LOCATION

   Table 4.1 values of pH at seven places in Dehradun

2. Hardness: The hardness varies between 266 mg/l to 420 mg/l in seven places tap water. The maximum hardness was obtained at the clock tower 420 mg/l whereas the minimum hardness 266 mg/l was obtained in premnagar. The permissible limits of hardness is 600mg/l whereas acceptable limit is 300mg/l. The value of hardness at four places clock tower, celement town, balliwala, and UIT is under the permissible limits whereas the value of hardness at premnagar, ballupur, and isbt breaches the acceptable limts. The graph showing variation is as follow.

   Hardness value at seven places in Dehradun

   HARDNESS (MG/L)

   HARDNESS (MG/L)

   500

   400

   300

   200

   100

   0

   UIT Premnagar Ballupur Balliwala ISBT Clement

   Town

   Clock Tower

   LOCATION

   Table 4.2 values of Hardness at seven places in Dehradun

3. Dissolve Oxygen: The value of dissolve oxygen lies in between 3.94 and 4.96. The heights value 4.96 was obtained at premnagar whereas the minimum value 3.94 was obtained at balliwala. The minimum amount of dissolve which have to be present for survival of aquatic species is 4ppm. Balliwala has a low value of dissolve oxygen.

   DO value at seven places in Dehradun

   DO value at seven places in Dehradun

   6

   5

   4

   3

   2

   1

   0

   6

   5

   4

   3

   2

   1

   0

   UIT Premnagar Ballupur Balliwala ISBT

   Clement Clock

   Town Tower

   UIT Premnagar Ballupur Balliwala ISBT

   Clement Clock

   Town Tower

   LOCATION

   LOCATION

   DO (MG/L)

   DO (MG/L)

   p>Table 4.3 values of DO at seven places in Dehradun

4. Total Dissolve Solids: The amount of total dissolve solids lies in between 376 mg/l to 294 mg/l. The highest value 376 mg/l was obtained at clock tower and minimum value 294mg/l was obtained at Ballupur. The permissible limit is 2000mg/l whereas acceptable limit is 500mg/l. All the values breaches the prescribed limits in the code. The amount of total dissolve solids is very less in the tap water of Dehradun.

   TDS value at seven places in Dehradun

   400

   350

   300

   TDS

   TDS

   250

   200

   150

   100

   50

   0

   UIT Premnagar Ballupur Balliwala ISBT Clement

   Town

   Clock Tower

   LOCATION

   Table 4.4 values of TDS at seven places in Dehradun

5. Chloride ion: The amount of chloride ion varied between 102mg/l to 241mg/l in seven different palces. The maximum value 241mg/l was obtained at UIT ,whereas minimum value 102mg/l was obtained at Premnagar. The permissible limit for chloride ion is 1000mg/l whereas acceptable limit is 250mg/l. The graph of showing values is as follow:

Cl¯ value at seven places in Dehradun

Cl¯ value at seven places in Dehradun

300

250

200

150

100

241

225

238

300

250

200

150

100

241

225

238

50

0

102

50

0

102

UIT Premnagar Ballupur Balliwala ISBT Clement Clock

Town Tower

LOCATION

UIT Premnagar Ballupur Balliwala ISBT Clement Clock

Town Tower

LOCATION

168

168

130

130

145

145

CL¯

CL¯

Table 4.5 values of Chloride ion at seven places in Dehradun

REFERENCES

1. Sharma Arabinda, Rout Chadetrik Assessment of Drinking Water Quality: A Case Study of Ambala Cantonment Area is an International Journal Of Environmental Sciences accepted on January 2011.

2. Appavu Arivoli, Thangavelu Sathiamoorthi, Muthukannan Satheeshkumar, Jesudoss Joseph Sahayarayan, Pandi Boomi Study Of Water Quality Parameters Of Cauvery River Water In Erode Region is an Journal of Global Biosciences accepted on Number 9, 2016.

3. Gorde S. P., Jadhav M. V. Assessment of Water Quality Parameters: A Review is an International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications accepted on Nov 2013.

4. Gupta, Sakshi, Khare Deepak, and Mishra Nitin Analysis of the Quality of Harvested Rainwater from the Top of Roofs in Diverse Materials at Low Temperature is an Indian Journal of Science and Technology accepted on December 2016.

5. Ebiare, Ekiye, Zejiao Luo Water quality monitoring in Nigeria; Case Study of Nigerias industrial cities is an Journal of American Science accepted on 2010.

6. IS10500, B. I. S. Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification (Second revision) Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi (2012).

7. APHA, AWWA, WPCF Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.

8. Boominathan, R. and Khan, S.M., Effect of distillery effluents on pH, dissolved oxygen and phosphate content in Uyyakundan channel water Envionmental Ecology accepted on 1994.