Liquid Level Monitoring and Flow based Liquid Distribution System using PLC and SCADA

The objective of the present work is to design, develop &testing of the Liquid Level Monitoring and Flow Based Liquid distribution System Using PLC and SCADA In simulation mode. The paper mainly focuses on liquid level monitoring; calculate the flow rate in liquid flow line and the process in automatic mode with proper safety interlock and alarm. The system will provide real time process operation and parameters monitoring by process animations. The essence of this paper is to convert the manually operated plant to fully automated plant for achieving higher accuracy, efficiency and time saving for the process industries. Keywords—Flow, Level, PLC and SCADA


INTRODUCTION
This present work is implemented in pharmaceutical, petrochemical and some of Oil industries suffered fire incidents with Flammable Liquid Level overflow of tanks and carrying Liquid From one place to another place transforming with manual operation procedure. So the present system proposed to continuous monitor of Liquid Level of tank and safe transferring Liquid from one place to another place. Any manufacturing plant requires continuous monitoring and observation at regular intervals. When it is controlled manually, it increases possibilities of errors at measuring level of a process. To overcome such problems concept of automation came into play. The automation system of oil refinery consists of crude oil storage/pre-treatment system, distillation operations and product storage/dispatch unit in these operations the system consists of feed pumps, valves, motors, flow, level, pressure, temperature monitoring transmitters, unit tanks. The process industries consist of SCADA used to monitor all these parameter values, to start or stop operations from GUI (Graphical user interface) like SCADA and to supervise the unit operations. Control of these operations are from PLC which is consist of the internal storage of instructions for implementing functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and control various types of machine operations, In the PLC/SACAD based boiler automation system have various stages involved in measure and control of water level in storage tank, maintain pressure in stream line, calculating the flow rate in stream line and continuous monitoring and controlling of boiler temperature. The boiler temperature controlled by Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), for preceding all these operations, water maintained at least at 50%. For sensing water level PID controller is used in PLC. If water is not available minimum 50% then adjust feed valves to their positions to feed water and then control temperature.
Waste water treatment is the process of remove contaminants wastage minerals from wastewater and converts it into an effluent pure drinking water that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused. Wastewater treatment process consists of the following operations like filtering, elimination of the colloids through the process physical-chemical clotting and flocculation, treatment to regulate the Ph of the water, biological treatment process, finally decanting and sludge extraction. The complete sequential process executed with automation like PLC/SCADA system, in the system continuously Monitoring and controlling of process parameters like flow rates, level, temperature and various control valves.
In food, chemical and petrochemical industry, level measurement and monitoring of liquid substances products in tanks and different types of storage places, in this process we must know the level of the storage tanks. So most of the process industries used PLC/SCADA system to measure and display of their volume of storage tanks, the process industries have some of liquids too expensive and flammable so the during the loading and unloading operations, leakage control, continuous monitoring of liquid storage tanks II. SYSTEM IMPLEMENATATION

A. Programable Logic Controller
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a digital computer used for the automation of various electromechanical processes in industries. PLC consists of a microprocessor which is programmed using the computer language. The program is written on a computer and is loaded into the PLC via communication cable. These loaded programs are stored in nonvolatile memory of the PLC. During the transition of relay control panels to PLC, the hard wired relay logic was exchanged for the program fed by the user. A PLC is an example of a hard real time system since output result must be produce in response to input condition within a limited time, otherwise unintended operation will result. A visual programming language known as the Ladder Logic Programming (LLP) and Functional Block Diagram (FBD) Language has been used to program the PLC.

B. Supervisory Controland Data Acquistion System
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. As the name indicates, it is not a full control system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level, it is used to monitor and control plant or equipment. The control may be automatic or initiated by operator commands. The data acquisition is accomplished firstly by the PLC scanning through field inputs connected to the PLC. SCADA provides several unique features that make it a particularly good choice for many control problems. The features are as follows • The computer control primary equipment, record an store a very large amount of data from process.
• The operator can incorporate real data simulations into the system.
• The operator is assist by computer that recommends actions to keep the system safety.
• Many types of data can be collected from the PLC; this creates online the image of the System.

C. Flow Sensor/Transmitter
A Flow sensor/transmitter is a device that they know exactly how much fluid is passing through a point at any Liquid flow line. The flow meter is used to measure linear, non-linear, mass or volumetric flow rate of a liquid or gas. Many industrial flow meters have to work with fluids which may be corrosive in nature or may contain foreign matters, but the equipment may be relatively large and of fixed type. The choice of a particular flow metering device are the various performance parameters like range, accuracy, repeatability, linearity, dynamic response , type of output like analog/digital. The process industries preferred to measure the flow rate of liquid flow line used to vertex-shedding flow meters.
The vertex-shedding type flow meters operate on the principle that if a bluff body (non-streamlined body) or an obstruction is placed in a fluid stream, vortices are shed alternately on each side of the bluff body. The vertex shedding frequency of the bluff body is a measure of the average flow velocity of the fluid flow. The output of the flow meter in both cases is electrical and can be suitably processed to either indicate instantaneous flow or totalized flow.

D. Level Sensor/Transmitter
A Level sensor/transmitter is a device used to measure and monitoring of the level of liquid within a tank, the level measurement can be either continuous or point values. Continuous level sensors measures the level within a specified range and determines the exact amount of substance In a certain place, So present process plants proposed to continuous monitor of Flammable Liquid Level of tank used with Differential Pressure Level Transmitter (DPLT) or hydrostatic pressure level measurement device(HPLMD).
The hydrostatic pressure created by a liquid is directly to the height of the liquid column, a pressure gauge is installed at the bottom or on the side of the tank containing the liquid. The rise and fall of the liquid level causes a corresponding increase or decrease in the pressure, which is proportional to the liquid level. The scale of the pressure gauge is calibrated in the units of level measurement.

E. Digital Signalling
Digital Input means it is a discreet electrical signal with specified voltage above/below a specific threshold voltage, normally in process industries designed for different voltage levels like 0-5Vdc, 0-12Vdc or 0-24Vdc as depends upon the process requirements. This  • Click on Auto button from SCADA screen to keep the system in Auto mode.
• Then select the Transferring button for transferring liquid/Solvent • There is a face plate related to transferring operations appears on SCADA screen • Select the destination where liquid/solvent is to b transferred.
• Enter the set quantity that much of liquid transferred into selected destination.
• Click on confirm button.
• If all the interlocks satisfied then operations will confirmed otherwise doesn't confirmed.
• If operation confirmed then click on Start button.
• Observe destination, dispensing, suction solenoid valves are opened followed by pump starts running to transfer the liquid/solvent from source tank to destination.
• If Level in source tank decreases and flow sensor in line senses the liquid/solvent flow then operation remains continues otherwise operation will be paused automatically. That means all the opened valves are closed and pump stops.
• After transferring the liquid/solvent by the set quantity given then operation completed automatically and opened valves are closed and pump stops.(Or)While liquid/solvent pumping, when flow sensor totalizes the flow rate equivalent to the given set quantity then operation completed automatically and opened valves are closed and pump stops.
A solenoid valve is an electromechanical on/off valve operates with 12v dc power supply. The solenoid valves operating from SCADA system then arrange the feedbacks for valve position status and commands for valve opening and closing in remote mode. The program written into process consideration, suppose the two feedbacks i.e., open feedback signal, closed feedback signal and open command signal of a solenoid on/off valve from field will be connected with PLC configured in software. The basic concept of operation of solenoid valve communicates with PLC under Supervisory of SCADA system. Following are the list of required PLC digital input and digital output channels.    By click on off valve symbol on SCADA graphics by user, using "display popup" as event of button the below popup will be displayed as a child screen of main screen. There is a facility to close the popup after controlling on off valve in that popup. The three buttons in the below popup is executes their respected functions. These buttons are enable or disable affected by the mode of operations and interlocks explained in following table.

C. Flow Monitoring Block in SCADA screen
A Flow Meter is a device used to measure the instant flow rate or quantity of a solvent, liquid or gas passing through a pipeline. Flow Transmitter is the upgrade of flow meter where transmit the flow value data to monitoring system (SCADA). Flow data from Flow Transmitter in the form of 4-20 mA (mille amps) currents. 4-20mA loop. This isolated 4-20mA can then be connected to any input stage without affecting other signals connected to the system. Alternatively the isolator can be used to isolate signals from non-isolated transmitters or as a noise reduction device.
Typical analog flow signal from isolator is connected to AI Module. Analog input signals are current or voltage. Analog input modules convert analogy signals to digital words as following table. The I/Os are connected through a program called as Software configuration, as there is no direct-physical relation between input and outputs. The program is written into process consideration. Flow signal from field will be connected with PLC based on communication protocol, configured in software as follows.

V. PROCEDURE OF TRANSFERRING OPERATION
The process of transferring a fixed quantity of fluid from a source of storage tank to destination which could be receiver tank or container is known as "Transferring". The Flow Based transferring of liquids from storage Tanks to Receiver tanks process flow chart can be described as follows. All the following process can be done through SCADA graphics by operator.  • Continuous flow monitor on pipe line is required.

MONITORING SCREEN
The system will have all the above pre check conditions and any one of interlock is not satisfied then operation does not confirmed. The enabled interlock displayed on SCADA operating screen, operator has to check and confirm the operation. Interlock enabled then screen appears as follows. If operation confirmed then screen appears as follows.  If any one of the following deviation occurs in the middle of the process then the process will be paused.
• If there is no change in the storage tank level and if there is no change in the line flow. • If pump dry run or tripped or failed.
• If any one of the dispensing valves open feedback is not received to PLC or valve fails.
• During dispensing of the solvent if any one of other valve is opened manually from field (override).
• If liquid level/Level switch in the storage tank goes low. The enabled interlock displayed on SCADA operating screen. It must be corrected or instrument need to be trouble shoot. Then user comes back and process start again by click on start button. While liquid pumping, when flow sensor totalizes the flow rate equivalent to the given set quantity then operation Completed automatically pump turns off and corresponding valves are closed. Then the process complete successfully. Stop is provided in SCADA screens, which stops transferring operations if necessarily.

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The experimental work has been carried out as detailed in Section 4, to perform online monitoring and control of level and flow in a flow based liquid transportation system.

VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
A SCADA model is developed for the liquid level monitoring and transfer system used for effective online monitoring and control of liquid flow rate by regularizing the different set points. From the experimental results, PLC based adaptive controller enhances the performance remotely through SCADA system. The experimental analysis shows that PLC based SCADA system perform accurate process operations and the speed of the operation too faster than manual system. Automation based controlling system provides fair transient response with minimum error indices of 0.92% and good quality comparison with manual system. Hence the overall performance of the automation system enhanced quality of operation by the PLC based automation controller as compared to manual system. Also, PLC automation system provides control action at appropriate time which prevents the occurrence of major risk factors like Flammable blasts in the long distance oil transmission system.