Internet of Things (IoT) based home automation using ARM7

This project investigates the potential of Home Control and security which is the aim of the Home Automation Systems in near future. Automation is a system that plays a significant role in the ubiquitous economics. This paper represents a low cost, flexible and standalone home automation system. We can control home appliances from outdoor also from


I. INTRODUCTION
Just conceive that, how beneficial it will to be able switch on our air condition half hour before we reach our home on summer time. When we leave our home for some work without realizing that some appliances such as fans, air conditioners, and lights are on; then by using our mobile phone or internet, we are able to turn off power to those devices. It will be even more useful if the system detects unauthorized movement in the house and alerts us or sends messages on our mobile phones or we can know the status of our house anytime. Such systems provide security from natural, incidental, intended, unintended, accidental and human made problems by continuously monitoring homes with different sensory systems like motion, smoke, gas, temperature, glass break or door break detectors and fire alarm systems. Security is a big challenge everywhere because thefts are increasing day by day owing to the unsafe and insecure security systems in homes, commercial complexes and industries. Several conventional technologies are available to keep home properties safe from intruders, but most common smart home security systems work on wireless GSM communication and micro devices in terms of microcontrollers and multi-core or GPU based microprocessors.

Fig.1 Home Automation and Security System
Security is one thing that is very influential in today life; everyone needs security guarantees when they work. Like health, security is an important aspect in life. Hence, various kinds of development in the technology field is designed to provide security at all times to protect them assets and privacy. In addition to the course with the application of security system, it can reduce the crime rate in the society especially the crime of theft at home. In this project, the home appliances that are connected to the Main Control Unit (MCU) will be controlled wirelessly with the help of a Smartphone or a web page. For simplicity, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) will be made available to the users so that the user can monitor the appliance as per his wish. This GUI must be implemented on the web page so that the user can easily access it anytime and anywhere. The intrusion detection system will be integrated wirelessly to the home Wi-Fi system and could initiate an email to the respective authority. This web service will retrieve the image from ARM microprocessor and trigger an SMTP email service call. Then the intrusion event image is communicated to the authoritative person via email. In the end, the authority can analyze for false alarms and seek 911 helpline for immediate theft-response. The additional advantages of this application is the back-up image of intrusion event, which plays a key role for home-owners, police, and insurance agencies by confirming the intrusion event and could assist in identification of the intruder. This system will reduce the overall power consumption thus saving the energy as the user can enable or disable the appliances according to his needs. The home automation system that works on Wi-Fi technology. The main components of this technology are we server, hardware interface mode and sensors. Where, as the web server which is system core that controls various function in system and even monitors the users. Hardware interface module consists a Wi-Fi shield, 3 input alarms and 3 output actuators. Sensors which act to provide appropriate interface of home automation system.
The system is designed basically from flexibility point of view for user, instead of commercial purpose of home automation system. The user uses this technology to login to the server web-based application. The web server is connected to the internet which uses compatible web browser. This application can also be designed and developed in android system.
An interface card is developed to establish communication between the user, server, raspberry pi card and home appliances. We need to install the application on a smartphone, a web server and a raspberry pi card to establish the control over the windows. Android application gives the commands to raspberry pi card. An interface card is used for sending signals between actuator sensors and raspberry pi card.
Cloud based home appliance monitoring and controlling system. Designing and implementation of a home gateway for collecting metadata from appliances and then sent to cloudbased data server to store on Handoop Distribution file system (HDFS) process them using MAP reduce and use it to provide a monitoring function to remote user.
Wi-Fi technology can be implemented by studying the subject e-mail and the algorithm using raspberry pi. Raspberry pi is been a powerful, economic and a efficient platform for implementation of smart home automation. This method of implementation is better than others in various ways. For example, through dual tone multi frequency (DTMF) technology, the call traffic cause major disadvantage, which is not the case in presented idea. In web server based on home automation, the design of server and memory space required is removed by this method. In this case use LED's are used to indicate the switching action. System is interactive and very efficient purpose.
The home network which keeps track of the appliances and sensors and transmit data to cloud-based data server which manages the data and gives services for user by sending or transmitting data and receiving commands by the user from mobile. The system designed for home automation has good characteristics and modularity with low power usage. Its efficient way in terms of cost.
Android platform controlled and monitored by application developed. The sensors and actuators/relays are directly interfaced to the main controller. It is designed for system such as lighting, heating, air condition, security and fire fir detection etc. with email notification. This can make life way simpler and reduce work for us.

III. METHODOLOGY
The microcontroller arm7 is the heart of the project in which it controls the operation of the entire project. The home automation by using arm 7 microcontroller is basically done using different types of sensors in which it constantly census information with the help of these sensors and it controls different home appliances with the help of activators. This project consists of five types of sensors which are mainly In this project, the communication protocol which is used to communicate with the user is the GSM. The presence of the toggle switch helps to send information over a GSM modem when it is pressed.
The microcontroller helps to keep a check on the analog input pins providing the data from temperature sensor, humidity sensor and the LDR sensor. The LM35 temperature sensor helps to obtain the reading of temperature through a ADC1 channel 4 of the microcontroller only when the temperature of the room goes beyond 40 degree in Celsius. The fan is on with the help of the relay driver circuit connected to P0.30 .
The humidity sensor here helps to obtain the reading of the humidity through ADC1 channel3 of the microcontroller only if the humidity goes beyond 70%. Here the cooler or the air conditioner is on with the help of the relay driver circuit connected to P0.29 .
The LDR sensor helps to sense the light and is usually placed near the window. The bulb near the window is switched on only when it is dark.
The microcontroller keeps on checking the digital input of the IR and the LPG sensor through the particular pins P0.17 and P0.18 respectively. The IR sensor is placed near the door so that when a person opens the door, the IR sensor sends a digital output one to the controller through the pin P0.17. Once when there is a detection found, the controller activates the CCTV camera and at the same time a message is sent to the particular mobile number stored in the controller through the GSM modem.
If there is any old person present or residing at the house and in case if that person needs any help in the absence of the members at the house, an alarm can be used. In this project there is a switch in which when it is pressed, a message will be sent through the modem to the person whose mobile number is stored in the microcontroller which informs that the person who is sending the message is seeking for help.
In this project, we can control the CCTV camera by a message through the modem in which when a message is been sent to a sim installed in the GSM modem saying Cam on$, the message received by the modem is transferred into the controller. The microcontroller decodes the message and activates the camera through the relay connected to P0.31 .
In the case of Cam off$, this message is received by the modem and is transferred to the microcontroller. The controller decodes the message and deactivates the camera through the relay connected to P0.31 .
When there is no one present at the house but when a member wants to on the geyser, we can control this action through the modem in which when a message is sent to the sim installed inside the GSM modem indicating geyser on$, the message received by the modem is transferred to controller. The microcontroller decodes the message and it activates the geyser through the relay connected to P0.25 .
In the case of deactivating the geyser, we can send a message to the sim we which has been installed inside the modem geyser off$. This message from the GSM modem is sent to the microcontroller in which it decodes the message and switches off the geyser through a relay connected to P0.25.
The LPG sensor is usually installed at the kitchen in which it detects any leakage of gas, if any, it sends a digital output to the controller through P0.18 pin. Once when it is detected, the microcontroller activates the buzzer through P0.23 pin of the controller and also a message will be sent to the registered mobile number on the controller through the modem.
In the case of the mobile user end, the message sent from the project which are received is the number which has been fed to the microcontroller of the installed project. The message sent via the standard format can be easily read by the mobile as another message. The messages usually received are 1. If there is a person being detected through the IR sensor when there is any disturbance near or at the door. 2. Need of help when an old person at home seeks any kind of help.
3. If there is any LPG gas leakage in which it is been detected by the gas sensor which detects the gas leakage.
In this project, we have 4 particular commands in the form of a standard format like the message sent to the mobile number of the sim installed in the home automation project received by the modem and is decoded. The respective geyser and the camera is on and off. The commands are 1. Cam on$ and Cam off$ for activating/on and deactivating/off of the camera respectively. 2. Geyser on$ and Geyser off$ for activating/on and deactivating/off of the geyser respectively.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT (Heading 5)
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REFERENCES
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