Identification the effect of Behaviour on Traffic Accident Level with Stuctural Equation Modelling (SEM) Case Study of Motorcyclists in Surabaya City

- Accidents in traffic are affected by low levels of consciousness of safety. This safety level is the behavior of motorcyclists. Behavior indicators are knowledge of traffic signs, discipline attitude, and vehicle maintenance. this study aims to find out how much influence the knowledge about traffic signs, disciplinary attitude, and vehicle maintenance to motorcycle rider behavior in traffic accidents. The method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) through Analysis Moment of Structure Analysis (AMOS) version 22 and questionnaire required amounted to 242 respondents used to identify indicators in this study. It is expected in this research to be able to know how big influence of knowledge about traffic sign, disciplinary attitude of rider, and vehicle maintenance to behavior at traffic accident in Surabaya city. The result showed that the variable knowledge and discipline attitude, have a positive and significant influence, but vehicle maintenance variable have negative and insignificant effect on the decrease of traffic accident level in surabaya city.

This research tries to identify the influence of motorist behavior on traffic accident level. The results of this study can be used as consideration information / material for the authority to create policies, programs and appropriate strategies to reduce the number of accidents. This study was adopted from Wesli [1] as well as the differences from the indicators that a certain behavior influences including knowledge of traffic rules, disciplinary attitude, and car care in relation to traffic accidents in Surabaya city. The method used is structural equation modeling (SEM) with 242 respondents acquired using questionnaires, the data then used to obtain confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and then processed using the software, analysis moment of structure (AMOS) version 22. By using SEM, the indicator that influence the behavior in traffic it can then be more precisely explained, what it influences and how much influence on the accident this is facilitated by path analysis.

II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
This prospective comparative study was carried out using motorcyclist as a cause of accident from POLRESTABES at Surabaya city. The researchers are Arfa' najmy, Udisubakti ciptomulyono, and Ratna sari dewi, conducted from November 2017 to July 2018. A total of 242 respondent is obtained with the date collection performed in license corners at Surabaya city.

A. Behaviour
An accident had a lot of factors that causes it, it can happen because of humans, machinery / vehicles, roads, and the environment. Human factors are influenced by drivers, passengers and road use; while vehicle related factors influenced by non-motorized vehicles, motor vehicles. Street factors are influenced by the state of the road, it can be influenced by the weather and geography. Driving is part of the driver -road system -vehicle [2] : -Driver (X1) High degree of compliance with positive written law, also determined by the level of awareness of motorists, this will be based on the following factors According to the traffic law Act no. 22 Year 2009, anyone who uses the road is obliged to behave in an orderly manner and prohibited to create any obstacles, endangering the security and safety of traffic and road transport, or cause road damage. Comply with the boundary of road classes, road signs and signs, traffic signaling equipment, work time and rest periods, traffic movements, stops and parking, technical requirements and motor vehicle worthiness, motor vehicle usage, warning with sounds and rays, maximum / minimum speed, person transport procedures, coupling and other vehicle attachments. This can be set with signs [3] : 1. Warning signs 2. Command signs 3. Signs banning 4. Guide signs.
-Vehicle (X3) The road transport system is a series of interactions between parts of vehicle, road, and driver. Nowhere is that interaction more evident than in the behavior of the motorcyclist. Things to watch out for a vehicle [4] : 1. Service periodically 2. Turn on the headlight 3. Check the brake condition 4. Check the tire condition 5. Check the muffler condition -Traffic Accident (Y) According to Regulation No. 22 of 2009 [5] , traffic accidents are unexpected events involving vehicles with or without other road users, resulting in human casualties (minor injuries, serious injuries, and death) and property losses. Then the law also explains that the role of transportation aims to realize traffic and road transport safely, quickly, smoothly, orderly and regularly, comfortable and efficient, able to integrate other modes of transportation, reach all corners of the mainland, and to support equity, growth and stability as drivers, supporting the development of the masses at affordable costs. In this study traffic accident includes [1] : 1. accident rate 2. type of accident 3. time of accident 4. accidental fatalities

B. Structural Equation Modelling
Structural Equation Modeling is a set of statistical techniques that allows testing of a relatively complex set of relationships simultaneously [6] . The relationship is built between one or more dependent variables with one or more independent variables. The ultimate goal of SEM, in principle, is to obtain a structural model. When the parameter estimation is based on the input data of the covariance matrix, the SEM produces a structure useful for prediction or proof of the model. In this case SEM is equivalent to regression analysis. Whereas if input is a correlation matrix then SEM is useful to check the magnitude of direct or indirect influence or influence of total exogenous variable (independent variable) to Endogen variable (dependent variable). It can also be used to determine the dominant influential variable so that there is a call it the dominant factor analysis.
CFA is part of the Structural Equation Modeling method. CFA is not a method for finding factor structure, but rather to confirm the existence of a specific factor structure. One of the advantages of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis is its degree of flexibility when applied in a complex hypothetical model. The most widely used Confirmatory Factor Analysis Technique is Maximum Likelihood which can determine the optimal value of loading factor in Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Procedure methodology
In this study, indicators based on previous research wesli [1] were given to motorcyclists. Researchers went to the license corner and surrounding areas to meet with respondents. With a total of 242 respondents who already gave their opinion about the behavioral indicators of the decrease in traffic accident rate. Indicators of this behavior include; knowledge, discipline and car care. After obtaining it, it is followed by establishing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model. If all respondents have entered into the driver data then CFA can be done. If the value of the indicator on the CFA is not significant it is then abolished. After completion, the all of the significant CFA indicator will be applied to the final structure model, afterwards a significant indicator in the structural model followed by testing the structure model to determine whether it is all significant. Is the optimization and

Statistical analysis
Rider's knowledge and rider's discipline attitude seen on the model has been tested significantly, with the knowledge of the rider 2 indicators and the disciplinary attitude of the rider 11 indicators. When vehicle maintenance has been tested insignificant with 5 indicators. Chi-square, RMSEA, and RMR after testing have decreased while GFI and AGFI experienced an increase near the fit model.    Table no. 2 shows P-an almost thorough significant value according to AMOS 22. The structure model had Pvalue more than significant according AMOS 22. AMOS has a sensitive P-value of 0,001. Structure model shows P-Value X1, X2, and X3 to Y more than 0,001. Actual to be considered the significant the value needs to be more than 0,005. Final only X3 to Y not significant.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Table no 2 shows 2 indicators with "AAA" label, this is based on indicator X1 # 2 which has a value of more than 1 that makes the model error. Solution to the error is similar with the HEYWOOD CASE. The regression value on the parameter is replaced by the same label for all indicators in the same latent variable, and the value of variance in the parameter is 1.   (3), respondents have understood the importance of maintenance of their motorcycle, such as checking the brakes, tires and exhaust. But there is still the need to increase awareness for checking the brakes, tires and exhaust before driving. 9. Based on PERKAP 09 of 2012 article 55, the riders need to understand and adapt during crowded driving situations. Knowledge variable and disciplinary attitude variable influence each other with value of covariance 0,427. This can be seen as even when the driver has been driving on the road for quite a while, said person still perform a less than desirable attitude in traffic. This bad attitude can be caused by the knowledge of the riders themselves or the quality of the signs that are less helpful for good driving. If the rider already has good knowledge accompanied by the right quality of road signs, it will produce an ideal driving behavior. 10. Based on PERKAP 09 of 2012 article 55, the rider is expected to understand how to care for motorcycles. The variables of knowledge and treatment affect each other with the value of 0.438 covariance. This can be seen as the most of the respondent does not really understand how every and each of their motorcycle components work. They rather entrust the well-being of their vehicles to a verified garage. 11. Based on PERKAP 09 of 2012, which explained about caring for the vehicle. Variables regarding attitudes and treatment interacts with the value of 0.671 covariance. Respondents to this hypothesis (6) have been caring for their vehicles well. But there are still accidents caused by not doing small precautions like checking the tires and brake the vehicle before driving.