Experimental Investigation and Comparison of Fatigue Behavior of E-Glass, Corbon Fiber and Jute Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite used as Implants

This research paper constitutes the Fatigue behavior of E-glass fiber corbon and jute fibre reinforced polymer composite and study of 10% weight fraction E-glass fiber corbon and jute fibre reinforced polymer composite fabricated by using Hand Layup fabrication technique According to the ASTM Standard Fatigue test was conducted ie ASTM D3479 / D3479M 19 and ASTM D-3039 Standard the specimen is fabricated by using the Epoxy resinLY556 as the matrix material and the Hardener-HY 951 with the 10% E-glass fiber corbon and jute fibre as the reinforcement material with fiber weight fraction, 0+/90 fiber orientation. By using the Hand Layup fabrication technique the specimens are prepared and the fatigue tests conducted on Eglass fiber, carbon and jute fibre polymer composites fatigue strength evaluated. The tests are conducted under static tension and cyclic tension with mean fatigue stress equal to 10% of the Eglass fiber, corbon and jute fibre polymer composites tensile strength. The experimental results show the Gradually the cyclic load is applied for the 10% E-GFRP carbon and jute fibre Specimen, From the experimental results the cyclic load @40243 CYCLES with182.4MPa the E-Glass fibre polymer Composite at Failure ie 100% amount of E-Glass fibre cracks/delimitation takes place or fibre At Failure. Similarly Jute polymer Composite Fails at 23809 Cycles with 19.86 MPa and Carbon Fibre Composites Fails At 10cyclic Load with1100 MPa and compare with human Tebia bone. Keywords— Tension-Tension Fatigue of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials, E-GFRP, corbon and jute fibre, tibia bone.


INTRODUCTION
The development of composite materials and related design and manufacturing technologies is one of the most important advances in the history of materials. Composites are multifunctional materials having unprecedented mechanical and physical properties that can be tailored to meet the requirements of a particular application. Many composites also exhibit great resistance to Fatigue loading. Fatigue is the Phenomena of material failure or it may be structural damage occurs when subjected to reparative loading or cyclic loading. In this paper elaborative study is done on the failure behavior of Carbon /E-glass/Jute fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites by tensile-tensile fatigue tests under a sinusoidal waveform loading at two different loading frequencies, 5 and 30 Hz, using a load amplitude control mode, and a ratio between minimum and maximum stress (R) of 0.1.
The research is carried out to predict the fatigue life of the patient's lower leg bones along with identifying the regions of the bones which are weaker in terms of strength of Tibia and Fibula bones of a patient suffering from lower leg pain [2]. Failure phenomena occur with increasing stress levels and duration, which can lead to material damage or degradation. The Mean Stress, Amplitude and orientation of the varying load with respect to fiber direction decide the characteristic of fibre cracks/delimitation [3]. The stresscontrolled tensile fatigue behavior at a stress ratio of R = 0.1 were performed on GFRP composites, The fatigue life of the GFRP composite was increased by about three to four times due to the silica nanoparticles [4] .The influence of compressive, zero, and tensile mean strains on fatigue life and on the stress train histories during fatigue were examined on cortical bone specimen from human femora, The total number of cycles to fatigue failure was influenced only by the total strain range and was not affected by mean strain [5]. Fatigue failure of hybrid polymer which is prepared with the mixture of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) resin and polyester resin was analyzed to optimize the composition parameters and for the improvement of biocompatibility [6]. The effect of load interruptions on the fatigue behavior of (±45)2s angle-ply glass/epoxy composite laminates was investigated. Constant amplitude fatigue experiments were performed at different stress levels,The specimens loaded under interrupted fatigue exhibited longer fatigue live than those continuously loaded until failure [7]. The experimental results of the influence of water ageing on Glass fiber and Kevlar-fiber composites shows that the residual stiffness and residual strength decreased when the immersion time and cycle number of fatigue increased, indicating that the studied composites have experienced some forms of mechanical damage [8]. It was observed that moisture saturation has a detrimental stress-dependent effect on the fatigue strength of the epoxy/E-glass composite .The stiffness during the fatigue cycles was similar for both dry and water-saturated coupons [9]. Tension-Tension fatigue tests were performed on woven jute fibres with epoxy matrix composites with a constant fatigue stress ratio (R=0.1) and results obtained from the tests were used to plot S-N Curve [10].

MATERIALS AND TEST METHODS
This chapter describes the details of processing of the composites and the experimental procedures followed for their characterization and fatigue evaluation. The raw materials used in this work are: E-glass fiber, corbon ,jute fibre and Epoxy resin.

METHODOLOGY
Characterization is carried out using Epoxy resin -LY556 as a matrix material, hardener -HY 951 and (a)10% Carbon fibres as the reinforcement material (with fiber weight fraction, 0±900 orientation ie orthotropic material) (b)10% Jute fibres as the reinforcement material (with fiber weight fraction, 0±900 orientation ie orthotropic material) (c)10% E-Glass fibres as the reinforcement material (with fiber weight fraction, 0±900 orientation ie orthotropic material by using Hand lay up technique. Figure

Digital-Fatigue-Testing-MachinesFTG-8D:-
This is rotating beam type machine in which load is applied in reversed bending fashion. The standard specimen is held in special holders at its ends and located such that it experiences a uniform bending moment. The specimen is rotated at 4200 rpm by a motor. A complete cycle of reversed stresses in all fibres of the specimen is produced during each revolution. The bending moment is applied with the lever system and can be easily changed by moving a weight over the lever. Total number of revolution at which the specimen fails is recorded by a mechanical counter.

Types of Tests with ASTM Standards:
Fatigue experiments were performed by applying two types of loading patterns. 1.Constant amplitude fatigue experiments were performed at different stress levels to derive base line fatigue data.
2.In addition, interrupted-fatigue experiments were performed by removing the cyclic loading for two hours repetitively 3.After cycling for 20% of the fatigue life achieved under continuous loading at the same maximum cyclic stress level. The specimens loaded under interrupted fatigue exhibited longer fatigue live than those continuously loaded until failure.