Efficacy of Waste Foundry Sand and Glass Fiber on Stabilization of Clay Soil

Soil is a fundamental and essential part of a civil structure that carries the dead and live load. The word soil derived from the Latin (Solium). Which means the upper layer of earth or the surface which mostly grows plants or use for cultivation. Soil is the top surface that bears any kind load of human beings, animals, transportation, engineering structure, etc. it necessitates to bear without any failure. But in some cases or area soil does not produce resistance against the load which is applied to that area. In such cases, the process of soil stabilization accomplishes with different materials like cementitious materials (cement, lime, fly ah, etc.), rocks (stone or gravel), wooden materials, steel or fibers, industrial waste materials (foundry sand, plastic waste, glass powder waste, waste marble powder, limestone powder, etc.) and agriculture waste materials (rice straw ash, rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse, etc.) utilized for stabilization of soil by many researchers. In this review paper foundry sand and glass fiber has been review for soil stabilization. Foundry sand is known us waste material that coming from ferrous and non-ferrous metal casting industries and Glass fiber is a substance that is produced from very fine fibers of glass. Glass fiber has tremendous high mechanical properties like high strength, flexibility, stiffness, good high temperature and resistance to chemical harm. Published literature has conducted the utilization of foundry sand and glass fiber in different percentages. The consequences of perusal reveal that foundry sand and glass fiber are appropriate and suitable materials for soil stabilization.


I. INTRODUCTION
Soil is an essential resource for the world, it producing many different crops. Like it serves to produce the human requirements of food with cultivation and also soil is a substance which plays the predominately important roles for any civil engineering structures such as highways, canals, and embankments occupy vast areas of land as they often stretch over several kilometers. Soil carries a load of these structures, clay Soil is the finest particles of all the particle soil, the size of clay soil is measured fewer than 0.002, this soil consists of microscopic and sub-microscopic particles which are derived from of rocks chemical decomposition. Clay is known as very fine-grained and cohesive soil. although clay is prepared for soil which has more than 25 percent off the clay in their combination because that clay soil holds a high amount of water and wet clay soil is very sticky it consists of very less amount of air in their combination. Clay expands when in contact with water and behaves like rocks and when dried the shrink creates in work like concrete. Which are generally round, particles of clay are very fine and thin, flat and covered with tiny plates. Organic clay is highly compressible and its strength is superb when it getting dry. In most cases, clay is utilized as a mud mortar for plastering purposes in construction industries. but in some cases, soil produces weak shear strength and lack of strength of soil against tensile forces, for improving strength soil bearing capacity many researchers have conducted studies on soil stabilization or looked after increasing the load-bearing capacity with some alternative materials or possible waste materials is as an ingredient, that can help soil to improve its bearing capacity strength and mechanical properties of soil. The waste materials for soil stabilization have become popular by considering the environment and economy. In this review paper foundry sand is high-quality size-specific silica sands for use in their molding and casting operations and several million tons foundries sand that can no longer be utilized for the production of metal casting molds and cores. This foundries sand is known as used foundry sand, in most cases, it goes for landfilling which generates anxiety to the environment and also increases cost also because it needs transportation, stuff, and machine. It can be a possible materials to utilizing as an ingredient to stabilized soil and glass fiber is produced from a very fine fiber of glass, glass fiber a superb mechanical properties like a very tensile strength, stiffness, and a flexibility, it is tremendous material for improving soil bearing capacity or CBR of soil have utilized for soil stabilization in most papers the result determines that foundry sand and glass fiber is superb material improve soil bearing capacity. A possible use for these materials is as an ingredient in manufactured soils. overall improvement in soil. it also one of the superb material for stabilization of soil [1]. Kuldeep and Tripti 2019 have done an experimental probe on soil stabilization with some waste material foundry sand and marble dust in different percentages. The utilization of foundry sand (13 to 22) % and marble dust (13 to 22) %. The maximum CBR value achieved in 16% of marble dust and 22% of foundry sand. These materials improve soil bearing capacity [2].
Naeethu and Johnson 2019 have done an experimental probe on soil, in this probe tried to evaluate the effect foundry sand on CBR characterization of soil. The outcome reveals that 20% utilization of soil is the best combination. It creates maximum MMD value [3].
Ajeet et al., 2018 Have done an appraisal on soil stabilization with the utilization of foundry sand and fly ash in different proportions. The outcome of the evaluation shows that the best point of MMD is 1% fly ash and 0.25% foundry sand and also ¼ is the best addition for stabilization of soil [4].
Gowtham et al., 2018 have utilized glass waste and plastic waste in (2, 4, and 6) percentage for stabilization of soil. The consequence of the evaluation shows that up to 4% and 6% of Glass and Plastic powder is beneficial to utilize for the improvement of geotechnical properties of soil [5].
Premlatha et al., 2018 Examined on the utilization of plastic waste and foundry sand for soil stabilization. The consequence of examination conveys that 17.5 % plastic waste and 40% foundry sand produce superb stability and also reduce construction costs up to 10% compared to conventional material [6].
Matthew and Olusegun 2018 have done experimental scrutiny on the utilization of glass fiber for soil stabilization various percentages Glass Fiber at proportions of 0.4%. 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% by weight. The outcome of the inspection reveals that the addition of glass fiber increase CBR and maximum dry density with the peak influence show at (1.2 to 1.6) % [7].
Asadollahi and Dabiri 2017 examined the effect of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer on the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. The length of GFRP is selected 10 mm and the amount of GFRP is (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1%) that mixed randomly with clay. The result shows that up to 0.8% of GFRP is increasing the bearing capacity of the soil and further than that the resistance capacity starts decreasing [8]. Razvi et al., 2017 Have done experimental inquiry on soil stabilization with foundry sand and fly ash. The consequence of evaluation reveals that foundry sand and fly ash are superb materials to utilize for soil stabilization to reduce the thickness of subgrade produce superb strength is more accurate as compared to conventional. Fly Ash also provides and soft and smooth surface [9]. Kumar et al.,2016 Have done experimental evaluation for soil stabilization with the utilization of foundry sand to replace the soil in different proportions from (0 to 20) percentages. The consequences of appraisal reveal that CBR increase from 8.9% to 18.21% with an increase of foundry sand. Foundry sand shows all-round improvement and is a superb material for soil stabilization [10].
Guas 2016 have examined the utilization of foundry sand and lime in different proportion for stabilization of soil. The outcome of appraisal reveals that foundry sand and lime is superb utilization for soil stabilization [11].
Patel and Singh 2016 have examined the utilization of glass fiber for soil stabilization in different proportions. The result of appraisal reveals that the CBR value has significant improvement with fiber contents the optimum is 0.75% and maximum overall improvement have been found in addition 0.75% of glass fiber [12].
Vivek et al., 2015 have done experimental appraisal on soil stabilization with different lengths and percentages of glass fiber. The resulting exhibit that 5cm Glass Fiber is effective in all cases. 0.5% and length of 5cm are provided a superb UCC value [13]. The consequence of this analysis shows that Show Gradual increase up to 5% after 5% show decrease highest CBR values of 14.90% and 112.91% were obtained at 5% glass powder. this probe reveals that 5% of addition is a superb percentage for soil stabilization [16].
Mishra 2013 have done exploration on soil stabilization with the addition of foundry sand and iron turning in different proportion. The conclusion of research reveals that maximum dry density achieved in 20% foundry sand and 3% of iron turning. And 3% of iron turning reveals that California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Value increase from 7.20% to 20% for un-soaked condition and from 5.2% to 12% for the soaked condition is most foundry sand and iron turning is accurate material for soil stabilization [17]. Kumar and Kumar 2012. Have done experimental exploration to stabilize clayey soil with waste material like Foundry Sand from (10 to 50) % and Fly Ash from (10 to 40) %. The result of perusal shows that maximum dry density achieved 40% of foundry sand and CBR value increase from (2.44% to 5.1%).it shows significantly increase with the utilization of foundry sand and fly ash in clayey soil [18]. Sezer et al., 2006 Examined to stabilize the clay soil of Izmer of Turkey with the addition of high lime fly ash in different percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, 20)%. The outcome of examination shows with an increase of fly ash the optimum moisture content increase and is accurate to utilize fly ash up to 15% in clay soil [19]. )%. The outcome of examination shows with an increase of fly ash the optimum moisture content increase and is accurate to utilize fly ash up to 15% in clay soil.

III. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
IV. CONCLUSION 1. Result reveals that the foundry sand is a fine material for soil stabilization because foundry sand is consists of high silica which helps to improve the strength of materials. 2. MDD (maximum dry density) and OMC (optimum moisture contents) are tremendously effect by the utilization of Glass Fiber. 3. It creates maximum MMD value with 20% utilization foundry sand to the weight of soil, it is the best combination. 4. Waste Foundry sand is a superb combination with OMC in improving the mechanical properties of soil. 5. CBR values increase up to some percentage with the use of foundry sand and glass fiber. 6. The addition of glass fiber increases CBR and maximum dry density with the peak influence show at (1.2 to 1.6) %. 7. Show maximum MDD (maximum dry density) achieved with 1% fly ash and 0.25% foundry sand and also ¼ is the best addition for stabilization of soil. 8. MMD (maximum dry density) achieved 40% of foundry sand and CBR value increase from (2.44% to 5.1%).it shows significantly increase with the utilization of foundry sand and fly ash in clayey soil.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT M. Tech Research scholars, department Civil Engineering of Chandigarh University, I the undersigned solemnly declare that the project report Efficacy of waste foundry sand and glass fiber on stabilization of clay soil manuscript focus on utilization of waste foundry sand and glass fiber for soil stabilization for civil engineering industries. Waste foundry sand and glass fiber could be superb materials for improving the mechanical properties and durability of clay soil. It is based on our own works, which carried out under the supervision of (Amanpreet Tangri) Assistant Professor, Chandigarh University, and Punjab, India.