Application of Waste Plastic Oil as Alternative Fuel

- Pyrolsis of plastic waste had become an important method to produce plastic waste oil as new supply of energy and alternative fuel system. This work was aimed to characterize the plastic waste oil resulted from pyrolsis. The use plastic waste oil was then used for two different applications. Collected pyrolsis products using different reactor set up were analyzed and tested using GCMS, density, viscosity @ 40 0c, flash point , furan and dioxin and other test done by university of medical science, petroleum laboratories research and studies (PLRS) in Sudan , agricultural research center in Egypt and Egyptian petroleum research institute (EPRI). Then the final product was used for fueling Tuk Tuk and the performance was found to be comparable to traditional fuel and even better than traditional fuel for TUK TUK as noticed that there a difference of 2 Km when using 600 ml. Adding small amount of domestic oil to PP waste oil and reused again in Tuk Tuk gives excellent result. As increased the distance travelled by one compared to PP oil alone. All tests results shows good results and confirm that the produced oil from HDPE , LDPE and PP alone is compared to gasoline specifications. Also the produced oil from mixture (HDPE+LDPE+PP) is compared to diesel specifications.


INTRODUCTION:
Waste plastic are one of the most promising resource for fuel because of its high heat of combustion and due to the increasing availability in local communities. Both plastics and petroleum derived fuels are hydrocarbons that contain the element of carbon and hydrogen. The difference between them is that plastic molecules have longer carbon chains than those in LPG, petrol and diesel fuel.
The different waste plastics were thermally cracked at different temperatures and then it was tried to measure the oil produced.
The conversion method of waste plastic into fuel depend on the types of plastic to be targeted and the properties. The type of plastic and their composition will condition the conversion process and will determine the combustion temperature for the conversion, the energy consumption required and the fuel quality out put.

Equipment:
Reactor made from iron with different accessories, gas stove, jar, temperature watch and pipe. 2. Putting 850g of HDPE at 11:45 am, after half an hour the bubbles begin at the surface of water then the white gas observed after an hour and 14 minutes. The white gas automatically started and condense to oil in jar of water. After 2 hour the percentage of oil was little due to the degree of hotness and thickness of reactor, increasing the degree of hotness increased the gas subsequently, but the water became too hot so ice was added to help in cooling. An hour later the oil amount increased quickly. The procedure was stopped after 3 hours at 2:45 pm, then separated the oil from water by making a small hole at the bottom of jar allowing the water to pass out and the oil remain in the jar then put it in the glass flask shown in fig (3.2).  • After i finished from every process and separate the oil, put it in the glass take it to the office for keeping until tested. When the oil exposed to cold air from A/C started to turn to wax completely in run (c) , and some blocks and heavy dense oil in run (d) shown in figures below (3:6) and (3:7).
• I decided to return the wax and heavy viscous oil to the unit and running again to see what happen if we had pyrolsis in two stages.
• First we put PP oil from previous processed in unit V6 and run it at 11 am to 11:30 am where the green heavy oil turn to very very light oil and the color was also very light green shown in figure below (3:7). The HDPE wax from previous processed put in the unit and run again for an hour gives light oil. Figure

Testing plastic oil:
The following tests were conducted according to the relevant standards as specified.
Plastic pyrolsis oil (liquid samples) 1) GCMS for PP oil sample done by university of medical science and technology.

9) Dioxin and furan test according to PCDD /PCDF method
which determination of tetra -through Octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC /MS. EPA 1613-B(1994). tests done by Agricultural research center, Egypt.
10) Total sulfur content using ASTM D4294 ( mg /l) and Total lead content using ASTM D4691 (mg /l) were done by Egyptian petroleum research institute (EPRI), EPRI central analytical labs.

Application of the plastic waste oil:
Three trials were made to apply the plastic waste oil as fuel to Tuk Tuk, these were as following: I. 500 ml of the resulting HDPE oil was used as fuel to replace the traditional fuel of tuk tuk. And the distance travelled by the plastic oil were 13 Km and the domestic fuel were 10 Km. Fortunately, tuk tuk traveled distance 1.3 times the distance travelled by same amount of traditional fuel.
II. Also another 600 ml of PP oil used in tuk tuk travelled times the distance travelled by same amount of traditional fuel. Which was less than the first trial due to the density of it was less than above oil where the burning characteristics was fast.
III. Small amount of domestic oil used to be added to benzene was added to PP oil and reused again in tuk tuk the result being very excellent. Where the distance differ between PP oil plus oil and the PP oil only 1 Km, and the PP oi-l and traditional fuel for tuk tuk were 2 Km.
IV. 100 ml of mixed plastic oil (HDPE, LDPE, PP) where adding to the cresset and lighting for 9 hours.  According to the scan, saturated (-C-H) stretching peaks were found, (C=C) were found, methyl group (-CH3) was found and methylene group (-CH2-) also was noticed. PP oil 0.7781 According to the scan, saturated (-C-H) stretching peaks were found, (C=C) were found, methyl group (-CH3) was found and methylene group (-CH2-) also was noticed.

CONCLUSION
• From the experimental studies it is clear that the waste plastic oil is a good and also can be used. • The product can used as fuel for TUK TUK which was better from traditional benzene and more efficiency. • Also can used as a source of lighting for traditional cresset for rural areast.
RECOMMENDATION • More tested like CO,CO2 and NOX concentrations in the plastic oil.
• Poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) and tires should be used in future work studies.